Method for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, method for receiving broadcast signals and apparatus for receiving broadcast signals

ABSTRACT

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal in a digital broadcast transmitter, includes generating components of a service, wherein the components of the service includes audio data or video data; generating first signaling information including session instance description information for at least one Real-Time Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) session and at least one Layered Coding Transport (LCT) channel in which the components of the service are delivered, wherein the session instance description information includes first source Internet Protocol (IP) address information of the at least one ROUTE session, first destination IP address information of the at least one ROUTE session, first destination port information of the at least one ROUTE session, and transport session identification information for the at least one LCT channel; and generating second signaling information which is used for acquiring the first signaling information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/913,639 filed on Feb. 22, 2016 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,645,674 issuedon May 5, 2020), which is the National Phase of KT InternationalApplication No. PCT/KR2015/008773, filed on Aug. 21, 2015, which claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/040,419, filed on Aug. 22, 2014, all of these applications are herebyexpressly, incorporated by reference into the present application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmittingand receiving broadcast signals.

Discussion of the Related Art

As analog broadcast signal transmission comes to an end, varioustechnologies for transmitting/receiving digital broadcast signals arebeing developed. A digital broadcast signal may include a larger amountof video/audio data than an analog broadcast signal and may furtherinclude various types of additional data.

That is, a digital broadcast system can provide HD (high definition)images, multi-channel audio and various additional services. However,data transmission efficiency for transmission of large amounts of data,robustness of transmission/reception networks and network flexibility inconsideration of mobile reception equipment need to be improved fordigital broadcast.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention can be achieved by providing amethod for transmitting a broadcast signal including encoding abroadcast service and signaling information of the broadcast service,generating the broadcast signal including the encoded broadcast serviceand signaling information, and transmitting the generated broadcastsignal.

The signaling information may include service identification informationfor identifying the broadcast service, information indicating the nameof the broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive.

The signaling information may include information for identifyinginformation on a transport session for transmitting the broadcastservice.

The signaling information may include information indicating a channelnumber of the broadcast service.

The signaling information may include information indicating whether theformat of the signaling information is binary or extensible markuplanguage (XML).

The signaling information may include information on a transport sessionfor transmitting the broadcast service, and the information on thetransport session may include source IP address information of thetransport session, destination IP address information of the transportsession and/or destination port number information of the transportsession.

In another aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a methodfor receiving a broadcast signal including receiving a broadcast signalincluding a broadcast service and signaling information of the broadcastservice, parsing the broadcast service and signaling information fromthe received broadcast signal, and decoding the parsed broadcast serviceand signaling information.

The signaling information may include service identification informationfor identifying the broadcast service, information indicating the nameof the broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive.

The signaling information may include information for identifyinginformation on a transport session for transmitting the broadcastservice.

The signaling information may include information indicating a channelnumber of the broadcast service.

The signaling information may include information indicating whether theformat of the signaling information is binary or extensible markuplanguage (XML).

The signaling information may include information on a transport sessionfor transmitting the broadcast service, and the information on thetransport session may include source IP address information of thetransport session, destination IP address information of the transportsession and/or destination port number information of the transportsession.

In another aspect of the present invention, provided herein is anapparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal including an encoderconfigured to encode a broadcast service and signaling information ofthe broadcast service, a broadcast signal generator configured togenerate the broadcast signal including the encoded broadcast serviceand signaling information, and a transmitter configured to transmit thegenerated broadcast signal.

The signaling information may include service identification informationfor identifying the broadcast service, information indicating the nameof the broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive.

In another aspect of the present invention, provided herein is anapparatus for receiving a broadcast signal including a receiverconfigured to receive a broadcast signal including a broadcast serviceand signaling information of the broadcast service, a parser configuredto parse the broadcast service and signaling information from thereceived broadcast signal, and a decoder configured to decode the parsedbroadcast service and signaling information.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a broadcast service bycontrolling QoS (Quality of Service) of each service or servicecomponent and by processing data according to features of each service.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a transmissionflexibility by transmitting various broadcast services through the sameRF (radio frequency) signal bandwidth.

An embodiment of the present invention enhances Robustness of abroadcast signal and an efficiency of a data transmission by using MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output) system.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a broadcast transmissionapparatus, an operation method of the broadcast transmission apparatus,a broadcast reception apparatus, and an operation method of thebroadcast reception apparatus that are capable of acquiring digitalbroadcast signals without errors although we are using mobile receivingapparatus or we are in door.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals for future broadcast services according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an input formatting block according to one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM block according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a BICM block according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a frame building block according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an OFDM generation block according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for receiving broadcastsignals for future broadcast services according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a frame structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a signaling hierarchy structure of the frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates preamble signaling data according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates PLS1 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 13 illustrates PLS2 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2 data according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 15 illustrates a logical structure of a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates PLS mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates EAC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 18 illustrates FIC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 19 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 20 illustrates a time interleaving according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 21 illustrates the basic operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 illustrates an operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 illustrates a diagonal-wise reading pattern of a twistedrow-column block interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 24 illustrates interleaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleaving arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 illustrates signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 illustrates FI schemes of FSS in signaling for single-memorydeinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in a frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 illustrates operation of a reset mode in signaling forsingle-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in aframe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 illustrates equations indicating input and output of thefrequency interleaver in signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 illustrates equations of a logical operation mechanism offrequency interleaving based on FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 31 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 32 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 33 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 34 illustrates operation of the frequency deinterleaver insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 illustrates the concept of a variable bit-rate system accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 illustrates writing and reading operations of block interleavingaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 shows equations representing block interleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 illustrates virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 39 shows equations representing reading operation after insertionof virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating a time interleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 shows equations representing a process of determining a shiftvalue and a maximum TI block size according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 42 illustrates writing operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 43 illustrates reading operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 44 illustrates a result of skip operation in reading operationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 shows a writing process of time deinterleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 illustrates a writing process of time deinterleaving accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 shows equations representing reading operation of timedeinterleaving according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a flowchart illustrating a time deinterleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a protocol stack supporting a broadcastservice according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a diagram showing a transport layer of a broadcast serviceaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a diagram showing the configuration of a media contenttransmission and reception system via an IP network according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a diagram showing the structure of a media presentationdescription (MPD) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a diagram showing the configuration of a broadcast receptionapparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 54 to 55 are diagrams showing the configuration of a broadcastreception apparatus according to another embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 56 is a diagram showing the configuration of a broadcast receptionapparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a diagram showing a broadcast transport frame according toone embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a diagram showing a broadcast transport frame according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a diagram showing the configuration of a transport packetaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60 is a diagram showing the configuration of a service signalingmessage according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 61 is a diagram showing the configuration of a service signalingmessage according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a diagram showing the configuration of a broadcast servicesignaling message in a next generation broadcast system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing the meaning of the value of a timebasetransport mode field and a signaling transport mode field in a servicesignaling message according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 64 to 70 are diagrams showing the syntax of a bootstrap( ) fieldaccording to the values of the timebase transport mode field and thesignaling transport mode field in one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 71 is a diagram showing a process of acquiring a timebase and aservice signaling message in the embodiments of FIGS. 62 to 70.

FIG. 72 is a diagram showing the configuration of a broadcast servicesignaling message in a next generation broadcast system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 73 is a diagram showing the configuration of a broadcast servicesignaling message in a next generation broadcast system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 74 is a diagram showing the meaning of the value of each transportmode described in FIG. 73.

FIG. 75 is a diagram showing the configuration of a signaling messagefor signaling a component data acquisition path of a broadcast servicein a next generation broadcast system.

FIG. 76 is a diagram showing the syntax of an app delevery info( ) fieldaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 77 is a diagram showing the syntax of an app delevery info( ) fieldaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a diagram showing component location signaling including pathinformation capable of acquiring one or more component data configuringa broadcast service.

FIG. 79 is a diagram showing the configuration of the component locationsignaling of FIG. 78.

FIG. 80 is a diagram showing other information included in signaling ofa broadcast service in a next generation broadcast system in oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is a diagram showing a transport mode included in servicesignaling of a next generation broadcast system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 82 is a diagram showing information on a bootstrap included inservice signaling of a next generation broadcast system according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 83 is a diagram showing other information included in signaling foran object flow.

FIG. 84 is a diagram showing a combination of information forrepresenting a file template in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 85 is a diagram showing an object flow included in servicesignaling according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 86 is a diagram showing other information included in signaling ofa broadcast service in a next generation broadcast system in oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 is a diagram showing signaling information for transport sessioninformation of a session level according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 88 is a diagram showing signaling information for transport sessioninformation of a session level according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 89 is a diagram showing signaling information of a broadcastservice according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 90 is a diagram showing FDT related information included insignaling information of a broadcast service according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 91 is a diagram showing the configuration of the binary format of aService_Mapping_Table according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 92 is a diagram showing the configuration of the XML format of aService_Mapping_Table according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 93 is a diagram showing a process of receiving service signalinginformation included in a service mapping table according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 94 is a diagram showing the configuration of service signalingaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 95 is a diagram showing the configuration of LSIDInfo informationand DeliveryInfo information according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 96 is a diagram showing the configuration of service signalingaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 97 is a diagram showing the configuration of an LSID according toone embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 98 and 99 are diagrams showing a ROUTE session and a transmissionmethod of an LSID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 100 is a diagram showing a method for transmitting broadcastsignals according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 101 is a diagram showing a method for receiving broadcast signalsaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 102 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus fortransmitting broadcast signals according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 103 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus forreceiving broadcast signals according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The detailed description, which will be given below withreference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, rather than to show the onlyembodiments that can be implemented according to the present invention.The following detailed description includes specific details in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without such specific details.

Although most terms used in the present invention have been selectedfrom general ones widely used in the art, some terms have beenarbitrarily selected by the applicant and their meanings are explainedin detail in the following description as needed. Thus, the presentinvention should be understood based upon the intended meanings of theterms rather than their simple names or meanings.

‘Signaling’ in this specification indicates transmitting serviceinformation provided in a broadcast system.

‘Broadcast signal’ in this specification indicates signals and data thatare provided in terrestrial, cable, satellite, mobile, internet,broadband, communication, data and/or VOD broadcast.

‘PLP’ in this specification indicates a kind of unit transmitting databelong to physical layers. And, it may be called ‘data unit’ or ‘datapipe’.

Various contents may be provided by transmitting A/V contents andrelevant enhanced data through a terrestrial channel and/or internetchannel in real time.

The present invention provides apparatuses and methods for transmittingand receiving broadcast signals for future broadcast services. Futurebroadcast services according to an embodiment of the present inventioninclude a terrestrial broadcast service, a mobile broadcast service, aUHDTV service, etc. The present invention may process broadcast signalsfor the future broadcast services through non-MIMO (Multiple InputMultiple Output) or MIMO according to one embodiment. A non-MIMO schemeaccording to an embodiment of the present invention may include a MISO(Multiple Input Single Output) scheme, a SISO (Single Input SingleOutput) scheme, etc.

While MISO or MIMO uses two antennas in the following for convenience ofdescription, the present invention is applicable to systems using two ormore antennas. The present invention may defines three physical layer(PL) profiles—base, handheld and advanced profiles—each optimized tominimize receiver complexity while attaining the performance requiredfor a particular use case. The physical layer (PHY) profiles are subsetsof all configurations that a corresponding receiver should implement.

The three PHY profiles share most of the functional blocks but differslightly in specific blocks and/or parameters. Additional PHY profilescan be defined in the future. For the system evolution, future profilescan also be multiplexed with the existing profiles in a single RFchannel through a future extension frame (FEF). The details of each PHYprofile are described below.

1. Base Profile

The base profile represents a main use case for fixed receiving devicesthat are usually connected to a roof-top antenna. The base profile alsoincludes portable devices that could be transported to a place butbelong to a relatively stationary reception category. Use of the baseprofile could be extended to handheld devices or even vehicular by someimproved implementations, but those use cases are not expected for thebase profile receiver operation.

Target SNR range of reception is from approximately 10 to 20 dB, whichincludes the 15 dB SNR reception capability of the existing broadcastsystem (e.g. ATSC A/53). The Receiver Complexity and Power Consumptionis not as Critical as in the Battery-operated handheld devices, whichwill use the handheld profile. Key system parameters for the baseprofile are listed in below table 1.

TABLE 1 LDPC codeword length 16K, 64K bits Constellation size 4~10 bpcu(bits per channel use) Time de-interleaving memory size ≤219 data cellsPilot patterns Pilot pattern for fixed reception FFT size 16K, 32Kpoints

2. Handheld Profile

The handheld profile is designed for use in handheld and vehiculardevices that operate with battery power. The devices can be moving withpedestrian or vehicle speed. The power consumption as well as thereceiver complexity is very important for the implementation of thedevices of the handheld profile. The target SNR range of the handheldprofile is approximately 0 to 10 dB, but can be configured to reachbelow 0 dB when intended for deeper indoor reception.

In addition to low SNR capability, resilience to the Doppler Effectcaused by receiver mobility is the most important performance attributeof the handheld profile. Key system parameters for the handheld profileare listed in the below table 2.

TABLE 2 LDPC codeword length 16K bits Constellation size 2~8 bpcu Timede-interleaving memory size ≤218 data cells Pilot patterns Pilotpatterns for mobile and indoor reception FFT size 8K, 16K points

3. Advanced Profile

The advanced profile provides highest channel capacity at the cost ofmore implementation complexity. This profile requires using MIMOtransmission and reception, and UHDTV service is a target use case forwhich this profile is specifically designed. The increased capacity canalso be used to allow an increased number of services in a givenbandwidth, e.g., multiple SDTV or HDTV services.

The target SNR range of the advanced profile is approximately 20 to 30dB. MIMO transmission may initially use existing elliptically-polarizedtransmission equipment, with extension to full-power cross-polarizedtransmission in the future. Key system parameters for the advancedprofile are listed in below table 3.

TABLE 3 LDPC codeword length 16K, 64K bits Constellation size 8~12 bpcuTime de-interleaving memory size ≤219 data cells Pilot patterns Pilotpattern for fixed reception FFT size 16K, 32K points

In this case, the base profile can be used as a profile for both theterrestrial broadcast service and the mobile broadcast service. That is,the base profile can be used to define a concept of a profile whichincludes the mobile profile. Also, the advanced profile can be dividedadvanced profile for a base profile with MIMO and advanced profile for ahandheld profile with MIMO. Moreover, the three profiles can be changedaccording to intention of the designer.

The following terms and definitions may apply to the present invention.The following terms and definitions can be changed according to design.

auxiliary stream: sequence of cells carrying data of as yet undefinedmodulation and coding, which may be used for future extensions or asrequired by broadcasters or network operators

base data pipe: data pipe that carries service signaling data

baseband frame (or BBFRAME): set of Kbch bits which form the input toone FEC encoding process (BCH and LDPC encoding)

cell: modulation value that is carried by one carrier of the OFDMtransmission

coded block: LDPC-encoded block of PLS1 data or one of the LDPC-encodedblocks of PLS2 data

data pipe: logical channel in the physical layer that carries servicedata or related metadata, which may carry one or multiple service(s) orservice component(s).

data pipe unit: a basic unit for allocating data cells to a DP in aframe.

data symbol: OFDM symbol in a frame which is not a preamble symbol (theframe signaling symbol and frame edge symbol is included in the datasymbol)

DP_ID: this 8-bit field identifies uniquely a DP within the systemidentified by the SYSTEM_ID

dummy cell: cell carrying a pseudo-random value used to fill theremaining capacity not used for PLS signaling, DPs or auxiliary streams

emergency alert channel: part of a frame that carries EAS informationdata

frame: physical layer time slot that starts with a preamble and endswith a frame edge symbol

frame repetition unit: a set of frames belonging to same or differentphysical layer profile including a FEF, which is repeated eight times ina super-frame

fast information channel: a logical channel in a frame that carries themapping information between a service and the corresponding base DP

FECBLOCK: set of LDPC-encoded bits of a DP data

FFT size: nominal FFT size used for a particular mode, equal to theactive symbol period Ts expressed in cycles of the elementary period T

frame signaling symbol: OFDM symbol with higher pilot density used atthe start of a frame in certain combinations of FFT size, guard intervaland scattered pilot pattern, which carries a part of the PLS data

frame edge symbol: OFDM symbol with higher pilot density used at the endof a frame in certain combinations of FFT size, guard interval andscattered pilot pattern

frame-group: the set of all the frames having the same PHY profile typein a super-frame.

future extension frame: physical layer time slot within the super-framethat could be used for future extension, which starts with a preamble

Futurecast UTB system: proposed physical layer broadcasting system, ofwhich the input is one or more MPEG2-TS or IP or general stream(s) andof which the output is an RF signal

input stream: A stream of data for an ensemble of services delivered tothe end users by the system.

normal data symbol: data symbol excluding the frame signaling symbol andthe frame edge symbol

PHY profile: subset of all configurations that a corresponding receivershould implement

PLS: physical layer signaling data consisting of PLS1 and PLS2

PLS1: a first set of PLS data carried in the FSS symbols having a fixedsize, coding and modulation, which carries basic information about thesystem as well as the parameters needed to decode the PLS2

NOTE: PLS1 data remains constant for the duration of a frame-group.

PLS2: a second set of PLS data transmitted in the FSS symbol, whichcarries more detailed PLS data about the system and the DPs

PLS2 dynamic data: PLS2 data that may dynamically change frame-by-frame

PLS2 static data: PLS2 data that remains static for the duration of aframe-group

preamble signaling data: signaling data carried by the preamble symboland used to identify the basic mode of the system

preamble symbol: fixed-length pilot symbol that carries basic PLS dataand is located in the beginning of a frame

NOTE: The preamble symbol is mainly used for fast initial band scan todetect the system signal, its timing, frequency offset, and FFT-size.

reserved for future use: not defined by the present document but may bedefined in future

super-frame: set of eight frame repetition units

time interleaving block (TI block): set of cells within which timeinterleaving is carried out, corresponding to one use of the timeinterleaver memory

TI group: unit over which dynamic capacity allocation for a particularDP is carried out, made up of an integer, dynamically varying number ofXFECBLOCKs

NOTE: The TI group may be mapped directly to one frame or may be mappedto multiple frames. It may contain one or more TI blocks.

Type 1 DP: DP of a frame where all DPs are mapped into the frame in TDMfashion

Type 2 DP: DP of a frame where all DPs are mapped into the frame in FDMfashion

XFECBLOCK: set of Ncells cells carrying all the bits of one LDPCFECBLOCK

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals for future broadcast services according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can includean input formatting block 1000, a BICM (Bit interleaved coding &modulation) block 1010, a frame building block 1020, an OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing) generation block 1030 and a signalinggeneration block 1040. A description will be given of the operation ofeach module of the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals.

IP stream/packets and MPEG2-TS are the main input formats, other streamtypes are handled as General Streams. In addition to these data inputs,Management Information is input to control the scheduling and allocationof the corresponding bandwidth for each input stream. One or multiple TSstream(s), IP stream(s) and/or General Stream(s) inputs aresimultaneously allowed.

The input formatting block 1000 can demultiplex each input stream intoone or multiple data pipe(s), to each of which an independent coding andmodulation is applied. The data pipe (DP) is the basic unit forrobustness control, thereby affecting quality-of-service (QoS). One ormultiple service(s) or service component(s) can be carried by a singleDP. Details of operations of the input formatting block 1000 will bedescribed later.

The data pipe is a logical channel in the physical layer that carriesservice data or related metadata, which may carry one or multipleservice(s) or service component(s).

Also, the data pipe unit: a basic unit for allocating data cells to a DPin a frame.

In the BICM block 1010, parity data is added for error correction andthe encoded bit streams are mapped to complex-value constellationsymbols. The symbols are interleaved across a specific interleavingdepth that is used for the corresponding DP. For the advanced profile,MIMO encoding is performed in the BICM block 1010 and the additionaldata path is added at the output for MIMO transmission. Details ofoperations of the BICM block 1010 will be described later.

The Frame Building block 1020 can map the data cells of the input DPsinto the OFDM symbols within a frame. After mapping, the frequencyinterleaving is used for frequency-domain diversity, especially tocombat frequency-selective fading channels. Details of operations of theFrame Building block 1020 will be described later.

After inserting a preamble at the beginning of each frame, the OFDMGeneration block 1030 can apply conventional OFDM modulation having acyclic prefix as guard interval. For antenna space diversity, adistributed MISO scheme is applied across the transmitters. In addition,a Peak-to-Average Power Reduction (PAPR) scheme is performed in the timedomain. For flexible network planning, this proposal provides a set ofvarious FFT sizes, guard interval lengths and corresponding pilotpatterns. Details of operations of the OFDM Generation block 1030 willbe described later.

The Signaling Generation block 1040 can create physical layer signalinginformation used for the operation of each functional block. Thissignaling information is also transmitted so that the services ofinterest are properly recovered at the receiver side. Details ofoperations of the Signaling Generation block 1040 will be describedlater.

FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the input formatting block 1000 according toembodiments of the present invention. A description will be given ofeach figure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an input formatting block according to one embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an input formatting module whenthe input signal is a single input stream.

The input formatting block illustrated in FIG. 2 corresponds to anembodiment of the input formatting block 1000 described with referenceto FIG. 1.

The input to the physical layer may be composed of one or multiple datastreams. Each data stream is carried by one DP. The mode adaptationmodules slice the incoming data stream into data fields of the basebandframe (BBF). The system supports three types of input data streams:MPEG2-TS, Internet protocol (IP) and Generic stream (GS). MPEG2-TS ischaracterized by fixed length (188 byte) packets with the first bytebeing a sync-byte (0x47). An IP stream is composed of variable length IPdatagram packets, as signaled within IP packet headers. The systemsupports both IPv4 and IPv6 for the IP stream. GS may be composed ofvariable length packets or constant length packets, signaled withinencapsulation packet headers.

(a) shows a mode adaptation block 2000 and a stream adaptation 2010 forsignal DP and (b) shows a PLS generation block 2020 and a PLS scrambler2030 for generating and processing PLS data. A description will be givenof the operation of each block.

The Input Stream Splitter splits the input TS, IP, GS streams intomultiple service or service component (audio, video, etc.) streams. Themode adaptation module 2010 is comprised of a CRC Encoder, BB (baseband)Frame Slicer, and BB Frame Header Insertion block.

The CRC Encoder provides three kinds of CRC encoding for error detectionat the user packet (UP) level, i.e., CRC-8, CRC-16, and CRC-32. Thecomputed CRC bytes are appended after the UP. CRC-8 is used for TSstream and CRC-32 for IP stream. If the GS stream doesn't provide theCRC encoding, the proposed CRC encoding should be applied.

BB Frame Slicer maps the input into an internal logical-bit format. Thefirst received bit is defined to be the MSB. The BB Frame Slicerallocates a number of input bits equal to the available data fieldcapacity. To allocate a number of input bits equal to the BBF payload,the UP packet stream is sliced to fit the data field of BBF.

BB Frame Header Insertion block can insert fixed length BBF header of 2bytes is inserted in front of the BB Frame. The BBF header is composedof STUFFI (1 bit), SYNCD (13 bits), and RFU (2 bits). In addition to thefixed 2-Byte BBF header, BBF can have an extension field (1 or 3 bytes)at the end of the 2-byte BBF header.

The stream adaptation 2010 is comprised of stuffing insertion block andBB scrambler. The stuffing insertion block can insert stuffing fieldinto a payload of a BB frame. If the input data to the stream adaptationis sufficient to fill a BB-Frame, STUFFI is set to ‘0’ and the BBF hasno stuffing field. Otherwise STUFFI is set to ‘1’ and the stuffing fieldis inserted immediately after the BBF header. The stuffing fieldcomprises two bytes of the stuffing field header and a variable size ofstuffing data.

The BB scrambler scrambles complete BBF for energy dispersal. Thescrambling sequence is synchronous with the BBF. The scrambling sequenceis generated by the feed-back shift register.

The PLS generation block 2020 can generate physical layer signaling(PLS) data. The PLS provides the receiver with a means to accessphysical layer DPs. The PLS data consists of PLS1 data and PLS2 data.

The PLS1 data is a first set of PLS data carried in the FSS symbols inthe frame having a fixed size, coding and modulation, which carriesbasic information about the system as well as the parameters needed todecode the PLS2 data. The PLS1 data provides basic transmissionparameters including parameters required to enable the reception anddecoding of the PLS2 data. Also, the PLS1 data remains constant for theduration of a frame-group.

The PLS2 data is a second set of PLS data transmitted in the FSS symbol,which carries more detailed PLS data about the system and the DPs. ThePLS2 contains parameters that provide sufficient information for thereceiver to decode the desired DP. The PLS2 signaling further consistsof two types of parameters, PLS2 Static data (PLS2-STAT data) and PLS2dynamic data (PLS2-DYN data). The PLS2 Static data is PLS2 data thatremains static for the duration of a frame-group and the PLS2 dynamicdata is PLS2 data that may dynamically change frame-by-frame.

Details of the PLS data will be described later.

The PLS scrambler 2030 can scramble the generated PLS data for energydispersal.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 3 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

The input formatting block illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to anembodiment of the input formatting block 1000 described with referenceto FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a mode adaptation block of the input formatting block whenthe input signal corresponds to multiple input streams.

The mode adaptation block of the input formatting block for processingthe multiple input streams can independently process the multiple inputstreams.

Referring to FIG. 3, the mode adaptation block for respectivelyprocessing the multiple input streams can include an input streamsplitter 3000, an input stream synchronizer 3010, a compensating delayblock 3020, a null packet deletion block 3030, a head compression block3040, a CRC encoder 3050, a BB frame slicer 3060 and a BB headerinsertion block 3070. Description will be given of each block of themode adaptation block.

Operations of the CRC encoder 3050, BB frame slicer 3060 and BB headerinsertion block 3070 correspond to those of the CRC encoder, BB frameslicer and BB header insertion block described with reference to FIG. 2and thus description thereof is omitted.

The input stream splitter 3000 can split the input TS, IP, GS streamsinto multiple service or service component (audio, video, etc.) streams.

The input stream synchronizer 3010 may be referred as ISSY. The ISSY canprovide suitable means to guarantee Constant Bit Rate (CBR) and constantend-to-end transmission delay for any input data format. The ISSY isalways used for the case of multiple DPs carrying TS, and optionallyused for multiple DPs carrying GS streams.

The compensating delay block 3020 can delay the split TS packet streamfollowing the insertion of ISSY information to allow a TS packetrecombining mechanism without requiring additional memory in thereceiver.

The null packet deletion block 3030, is used only for the TS inputstream case. Some TS input streams or split TS streams may have a largenumber of null-packets present in order to accommodate VBR (variablebit-rate) services in a CBR TS stream. In this case, in order to avoidunnecessary transmission overhead, null-packets can be identified andnot transmitted. In the receiver, removed null-packets can bere-inserted in the exact place where they were originally by referenceto a deleted null-packet (DNP) counter that is inserted in thetransmission, thus guaranteeing constant bit-rate and avoiding the needfor time-stamp (PCR) updating.

The head compression block 3040 can provide packet header compression toincrease transmission efficiency for TS or IP input streams. Because thereceiver can have a priori information on certain parts of the header,this known information can be deleted in the transmitter.

For Transport Stream, the receiver has a-priori information about thesync-byte configuration (0x47) and the packet length (188 Byte). If theinput TS stream carries content that has only one PID, i.e., for onlyone service component (video, audio, etc.) or service sub-component (SVCbase layer, SVC enhancement layer, MVC base view or MVC dependentviews), TS packet header compression can be applied (optionally) to theTransport Stream. IP packet header compression is used optionally if theinput steam is an IP stream. The above-described blocks may be omittedor replaced by blocks having similar or identical functions.

FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM block according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The BICM block illustrated in FIG. 4 corresponds to an embodiment of theBICM block 1010 described with reference to FIG. 1.

As described above, the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals forfuture broadcast services according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can provide a terrestrial broadcast service, mobile broadcastservice, UHDTV service, etc.

Since QoS (quality of service) depends on characteristics of a serviceprovided by the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for futurebroadcast services according to an embodiment of the present invention,data corresponding to respective services needs to be processed throughdifferent schemes. Accordingly, the a BICM block according to anembodiment of the present invention can independently process DPs inputthereto by independently applying SISO, MISO and MIMO schemes to thedata pipes respectively corresponding to data paths. Consequently, theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can controlQoS for each service or service component transmitted through each DP.

(a) shows the BICM block shared by the base profile and the handheldprofile and (b) shows the BICM block of the advanced profile.

The BICM block shared by the base profile and the handheld profile andthe BICM block of the advanced profile can include plural processingblocks for processing each DP.

A description will be given of each processing block of the BICM blockfor the base profile and the handheld profile and the BICM block for theadvanced profile.

A processing block 5000 of the BICM block for the base profile and thehandheld profile can include a Data FEC encoder 5010, a bit interleaver5020, a constellation mapper 5030, an SSD (Signal Space Diversity)encoding block 5040 and a time interleaver 5050.

The Data FEC encoder 5010 can perform the FEC encoding on the input BBFto generate FECBLOCK procedure using outer coding (BCH), and innercoding (LDPC). The outer coding (BCH) is optional coding method. Detailsof operations of the Data FEC encoder 5010 will be described later.

The bit interleaver 5020 can interleave outputs of the Data FEC encoder5010 to achieve optimized performance with combination of the LDPC codesand modulation scheme while providing an efficiently implementablestructure. Details of operations of the bit interleaver 5020 will bedescribed later.

The constellation mapper 5030 can modulate each cell word from the bitinterleaver 5020 in the base and the handheld profiles, or cell wordfrom the Cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 in the advanced profile usingeither QPSK, QAM-16, non-uniform QAM (NUQ-64, NUQ-256, NUQ-1024) ornon-uniform constellation (NUC-16, NUC-64, NUC-256, NUC-1024) to give apower-normalized constellation point, el. This constellation mapping isapplied only for DPs. Observe that QAM-16 and NUQs are square shaped,while NUCs have arbitrary shape. When each constellation is rotated byany multiple of 90 degrees, the rotated constellation exactly overlapswith its original one. This “rotation-sense” symmetric property makesthe capacities and the average powers of the real and imaginarycomponents equal to each other. Both NUQs and NUCs are definedspecifically for each code rate and the particular one used is signaledby the parameter DP_MOD filed in PLS2 data.

The time interleaver 5050 can operates at the DP level. The parametersof time interleaving (TI) may be set differently for each DP. Details ofoperations of the time interleaver 5050 will be described later.

A processing block 5000-1 of the BICM block for the advanced profile caninclude the Data FEC encoder, bit interleaver, constellation mapper, andtime interleaver.

However, the processing block 5000-1 is distinguished from theprocessing block 5000 further includes a cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1and a MIMO encoding block 5020-1.

Also, the operations of the Data FEC encoder, bit interleaver,constellation mapper, and time interleaver in the processing block5000-1 correspond to those of the Data FEC encoder 5010, bit interleaver5020, constellation mapper 5030, and time interleaver 5050 described andthus description thereof is omitted.

The cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 is used for the DP of the advancedprofile to divide the single cell-word stream into dual cell-wordstreams for MIMO processing. Details of operations of the cell-worddemultiplexer 5010-1 will be described later.

The MIMO encoding block 5020-1 can processing the output of thecell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 using MIMO encoding scheme. The MIMOencoding scheme was optimized for broadcasting signal transmission. TheMIMO technology is a promising way to get a capacity increase but itdepends on channel characteristics. Especially for broadcasting, thestrong LOS component of the channel or a difference in the receivedsignal power between two antennas caused by different signal propagationcharacteristics makes it difficult to get capacity gain from MIMO. Theproposed MIMO encoding scheme overcomes this problem using arotation-based pre-coding and phase randomization of one of the MIMOoutput signals.

MIMO encoding is intended for a 2×2 MIMO system requiring at least twoantennas at both the transmitter and the receiver. Two MIMO encodingmodes are defined in this proposal; full-rate spatial multiplexing(FR-SM) and full-rate full-diversity spatial multiplexing (FRFD-SM). TheFR-SM encoding provides capacity increase with relatively smallcomplexity increase at the receiver side while the FRFD-SM encodingprovides capacity increase and additional diversity gain with a greatcomplexity increase at the receiver side. The proposed MIMO encodingscheme has no restriction on the antenna polarity configuration.

MIMO processing is required for the advanced profile frame, which meansall DPs in the advanced profile frame are processed by the MIMO encoder.MIMO processing is applied at DP level. Pairs of the ConstellationMapper outputs NUQ (e1,i and e2,i) are fed to the input of the MIMOEncoder. Paired MIMO Encoder output (g1,i and g2,i) is transmitted bythe same carrier k and OFDM symbol 1 of their respective TX antennas.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 5 illustrates a BICM block according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

The BICM block illustrated in FIG. 6 corresponds to an embodiment of theBICM block 1010 described with reference to FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 illustrates a BICM block for protection of physical layersignaling (PLS), emergency alert channel (EAC) and fast informationchannel (FIC). EAC is a part of a frame that carries EAS informationdata and FIC is a logical channel in a frame that carries the mappinginformation between a service and the corresponding base DP. Details ofthe EAC and FIC will be described later.

Referring to FIG. 6, the BICM block for protection of PLS, EAC and FICcan include a PLS FEC encoder 6000, a bit interleaver 6010 and aconstellation mapper 6020.

Also, the PLS FEC encoder 6000 can include a scrambler, BCHencoding/zero insertion block, LDPC encoding block and LDPC paritypunturing block. Description will be given of each block of the BICMblock.

The PLS FEC encoder 6000 can encode the scrambled PLS 1/2 data, EAC andFIC section.

The scrambler can scramble PLS1 data and PLS2 data before BCH encodingand shortened and punctured LDPC encoding.

The BCH encoding/zero insertion block can perform outer encoding on thescrambled PLS 1/2 data using the shortened BCH code for PLS protectionand insert zero bits after the BCH encoding. For PLS1 data only, theoutput bits of the zero insertion may be permitted before LDPC encoding.

The LDPC encoding block can encode the output of the BCH encoding/zeroinsertion block using LDPC code. To generate a complete coded block,Cldpc, parity bits, Pldpc are encoded systematically from eachzero-inserted PLS information block, Ildpc and appended after it.C _(ldpc)=[I _(ldpc) P _(ldpc)]=[i ₀ ,i ₁ , . . . ,i _(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹ ,p₀ ,p ₁ , . . . ,p _(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹]  [Equation 1]

The LDPC code parameters for PLS1 and PLS2 are as following table 4.

TABLE 4 Signaling Kldpc code Type Ksig Kbch Nbch_parity (=Nbch) NldpcNldpc_parity rate Qldpc PLS1 342 1020 60 1080 4320 3240 1/4  36 PLS2<1021 >1020 2100 2160 7200 5040 3/10 56

The LDPC parity punturing block can perform puncturing on the PLS1 dataand PLS 2 data.

When shortening is applied to the PLS1 data protection, some LDPC paritybits are punctured after LDPC encoding. Also, for the PLS2 dataprotection, the LDPC parity bits of PLS2 are punctured after LDPCencoding. These punctured bits are not transmitted.

The bit interleaver 6010 can interleave the each shortened and puncturedPLS1 data and PLS2 data.

The constellation mapper 6020 can map the bit interleaved PLS1 data andPLS2 data onto constellations.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 6 illustrates a frame building block according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

The frame building block illustrated in FIG. 6 corresponds to anembodiment of the frame building block 1020 described with reference toFIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 6, the frame building block can include a delaycompensation block 7000, a cell mapper 7010 and a frequency interleaver7020. Description will be given of each block of the frame buildingblock.

The delay compensation block 7000 can adjust the timing between the datapipes and the corresponding PLS data to ensure that they are co-timed atthe transmitter end. The PLS data is delayed by the same amount as datapipes are by addressing the delays of data pipes caused by the InputFormatting block and BICM block. The delay of the BICM block is mainlydue to the time interleaver 5050. In-band signaling data carriesinformation of the next TI group so that they are carried one frameahead of the DPs to be signaled. The Delay Compensating block delaysin-band signaling data accordingly.

The cell mapper 7010 can map PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams anddummy cells into the active carriers of the OFDM symbols in the frame.The basic function of the cell mapper 7010 is to map data cells producedby the TIs for each of the DPs, PLS cells, and EAC/FIC cells, if any,into arrays of active OFDM cells corresponding to each of the OFDMsymbols within a frame. Service signaling data (such as PSI (programspecific information)/SI) can be separately gathered and sent by a datapipe. The Cell Mapper operates according to the dynamic informationproduced by the scheduler and the configuration of the frame structure.Details of the frame will be described later.

The frequency interleaver 7020 can randomly interleave data cellsreceived from the cell mapper 7010 to provide frequency diversity. Also,the frequency interleaver 7020 can operate on very OFDM symbol paircomprised of two sequential OFDM symbols using a differentinterleaving-seed order to get maximum interleaving gain in a singleframe.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 7 illustrates an OFDM generation block according to an embodimentof the present invention.

The OFDM generation block illustrated in FIG. 7 corresponds to anembodiment of the OFDM generation block 1030 described with reference toFIG. 1.

The OFDM generation block modulates the OFDM carriers by the cellsproduced by the Frame Building block, inserts the pilots, and producesthe time domain signal for transmission. Also, this block subsequentlyinserts guard intervals, and applies PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Radio)reduction processing to produce the final RF signal.

Referring to FIG. 7, the OFDM generation block can include a pilot andreserved tone insertion block 8000, a 2D-eSFN encoding block 8010, anIFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) block 8020, a PAPR reduction block8030, a guard interval insertion block 8040, a preamble insertion block8050, other system insertion block 8060 and a DAC block 8070.

The other system insertion block 8060 can multiplex signals of aplurality of broadcast transmission/reception systems in the time domainsuch that data of two or more different broadcast transmission/receptionsystems providing broadcast services can be simultaneously transmittedin the same RF signal bandwidth. In this case, the two or more differentbroadcast transmission/reception systems refer to systems providingdifferent broadcast services. The different broadcast services may referto a terrestrial broadcast service, mobile broadcast service, etc.

FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for receiving broadcastsignals for future broadcast services according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The apparatus for receiving broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention cancorrespond to the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals forfuture broadcast services, described with reference to FIG. 1.

The apparatus for receiving broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can includea synchronization & demodulation module 9000, a frame parsing module9010, a demapping & decoding module 9020, an output processor 9030 and asignaling decoding module 9040. A description will be given of operationof each module of the apparatus for receiving broadcast signals.

The synchronization & demodulation module 9000 can receive input signalsthrough m Rx antennas, perform signal detection and synchronization withrespect to a system corresponding to the apparatus for receivingbroadcast signals and carry out demodulation corresponding to a reverseprocedure of the procedure performed by the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals.

The frame parsing module 9010 can parse input signal frames and extractdata through which a service selected by a user is transmitted. If theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals performs interleaving, theframe parsing module 9010 can carry out deinterleaving corresponding toa reverse procedure of interleaving. In this case, the positions of asignal and data that need to be extracted can be obtained by decodingdata output from the signaling decoding module 9040 to restorescheduling information generated by the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals.

The demapping & decoding module 9020 can convert the input signals intobit domain data and then deinterleave the same as necessary. Thedemapping & decoding module 9020 can perform demapping for mappingapplied for transmission efficiency and correct an error generated on atransmission channel through decoding. In this case, the demapping &decoding module 9020 can obtain transmission parameters necessary fordemapping and decoding by decoding the data output from the signalingdecoding module 9040.

The output processor 9030 can perform reverse procedures of variouscompression/signal processing procedures which are applied by theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals to improve transmissionefficiency. In this case, the output processor 9030 can acquirenecessary control information from data output from the signalingdecoding module 9040. The output of the output processor 8300corresponds to a signal input to the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals and may be MPEG-TSs, IP streams (v4 or v6) and genericstreams.

The signaling decoding module 9040 can obtain PLS information from thesignal demodulated by the synchronization & demodulation module 9000. Asdescribed above, the frame parsing module 9010, demapping & decodingmodule 9020 and output processor 9030 can execute functions thereofusing the data output from the signaling decoding module 9040.

FIG. 9 illustrates a frame structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 9 shows an example configuration of the frame types and FRUs in asuper-frame. (a) shows a super frame according to an embodiment of thepresent invention, (b) shows FRU (Frame Repetition Unit) according to anembodiment of the present invention, (c) shows frames of variable PHYprofiles in the FRU and (d) shows a structure of a frame.

A super-frame may be composed of eight FRUs. The FRU is a basicmultiplexing unit for TDM of the frames, and is repeated eight times ina super-frame.

Each frame in the FRU belongs to one of the PHY profiles, (base,handheld, advanced) or FEF. The maximum allowed number of the frames inthe FRU is four and a given PHY profile can appear any number of timesfrom zero times to four times in the FRU (e.g., base, base, handheld,advanced). PHY profile definitions can be extended using reserved valuesof the PHY_PROFILE in the preamble, if required.

The FEF part is inserted at the end of the FRU, if included. When theFEF is included in the FRU, the minimum number of FEFs is 8 in asuper-frame. It is not recommended that FEF parts be adjacent to eachother.

One frame is further divided into a number of OFDM symbols and apreamble. As shown in (d), the frame comprises a preamble, one or moreframe signaling symbols (FSS), normal data symbols and a frame edgesymbol (FES).

The preamble is a special symbol that enables fast Futurecast UTB systemsignal detection and provides a set of basic transmission parameters forefficient transmission and reception of the signal. The detaileddescription of the preamble will be will be described later.

The main purpose of the FSS(s) is to carry the PLS data. For fastsynchronization and channel estimation, and hence fast decoding of PLSdata, the FSS has more dense pilot pattern than the normal data symbol.The FES has exactly the same pilots as the FSS, which enablesfrequency-only interpolation within the FES and temporal interpolation,without extrapolation, for symbols immediately preceding the FES.

FIG. 10 illustrates a signaling hierarchy structure of the frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates the signaling hierarchy structure, which is splitinto three main parts: the preamble signaling data 11000, the PLS1 data11010 and the PLS2 data 11020. The purpose of the preamble, which iscarried by the preamble symbol in every frame, is to indicate thetransmission type and basic transmission parameters of that frame. ThePLS1 enables the receiver to access and decode the PLS2 data, whichcontains the parameters to access the DP of interest. The PLS2 iscarried in every frame and split into two main parts: PLS2-STAT data andPLS2-DYN data. The static and dynamic portion of PLS2 data is followedby padding, if necessary.

FIG. 11 illustrates preamble signaling data according to an embodimentof the present invention.

Preamble signaling data carries 21 bits of information that are neededto enable the receiver to access PLS data and trace DPs within the framestructure. Details of the preamble signaling data are as follows:

PHY_PROFILE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile type of thecurrent frame. The mapping of different PHY profile types is given inbelow table 5.

TABLE 5 Value PHY profile 000 Base profile 001 Handheld profile 010Advanced profiled 011~110 Reserved 111 FEF

FFT_SIZE: This 2 bit field indicates the FFT size of the current framewithin a frame-group, as described in below table 6.

TABLE 6 Value FFT size 00 8K FFT 01 16K FFT 10 32K FFT 11 Reserved

GI_FRACTION: This 3 bit field indicates the guard interval fractionvalue in the current super-frame, as described in below table 7.

TABLE 7 Value GI_FRACTION 000 1/5 001 1/10 010 1/20 011 1/40 100 1/80101 1/160 110~111 Reserved

EAC_FLAG: This 1 bit field indicates whether the EAC is provided in thecurrent frame. If this field is set to ‘1’, emergency alert service(EAS) is provided in the current frame. If this field set to ‘0’, EAS isnot carried in the current frame. This field can be switched dynamicallywithin a super-frame.

PILOT_MODE: This 1-bit field indicates whether the pilot mode is mobilemode or fixed mode for the current frame in the current frame-group. Ifthis field is set to ‘0’, mobile pilot mode is used. If the field is setto ‘1’, the fixed pilot mode is used.

PAPR_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether PAPR reduction is used forthe current frame in the current frame-group. If this field is set tovalue ‘1’, tone reservation is used for PAPR reduction. If this field isset to ‘0’, PAPR reduction is not used.

FRU_CONFIGURE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile typeconfigurations of the frame repetition units (FRU) that are present inthe current super-frame. All profile types conveyed in the currentsuper-frame are identified in this field in all preambles in the currentsuper-frame. The 3-bit field has a different definition for eachprofile, as show in below table 8.

TABLE 8 Current Current Current Current PHY_PROFILE = PHY_PROFILE =PHY_PROFILE = PHY_PROFILE = ‘000’ (base) ‘001’ (handheld) ‘010’(advanced) ‘111’ (FEF) FRU_CONFIGURE = Only base Only handheld Onlyadvanced Only FEF 000 profile present profile present profile presentpresent FRU_CONFIGURE = Handheld Base profile Base profile Base profile1XX profile present present present present FRU_CONFIGURE = AdvancedAdvanced Handheld Handheld X1X profile profile profile profile presentpresent present present FRU_CONFIGURE = FEF FEF FEF Advanced XX1 presentpresent present profile present

RESERVED: This 7-bit field is reserved for future use.

FIG. 12 illustrates PLS1 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

PLS1 data provides basic transmission parameters including parametersrequired to enable the reception and decoding of the PLS2. As abovementioned, the PLS1 data remain unchanged for the entire duration of oneframe-group. The detailed definition of the signaling fields of the PLS1data are as follows:

PREAMBLE_DATA: This 20-bit field is a copy of the preamble signalingdata excluding the EAC_FLAG.

NUM_FRAME_FRU: This 2-bit field indicates the number of the frames perFRU.

PAYLOAD_TYPE: This 3-bit field indicates the format of the payload datacarried in the frame-group. PAYLOAD_TYPE is signaled as shown in table9.

TABLE 9 value Payload type 1XX TS stream is transmitted X1X IP stream istransmitted XX1 GS stream is transmitted

NUM_FSS: This 2-bit field indicates the number of FSS symbols in thecurrent frame.

SYSTEM_VERSION: This 8-bit field indicates the version of thetransmitted signal format. The SYSTEM_VERSION is divided into two 4-bitfields, which are a major version and a minor version.

Major version: The MSB four bits of SYSTEM_VERSION field indicate majorversion information. A change in the major version field indicates anon-backward-compatible change. The default value is ‘0000’. For theversion described in this standard, the value is set to ‘0000’.

Minor version: The LSB four bits of SYSTEM_VERSION field indicate minorversion information. A change in the minor version field isbackward-compatible.

CELL_ID: This is a 16-bit field which uniquely identifies a geographiccell in an ATSC network. An ATSC cell coverage area may consist of oneor more frequencies, depending on the number of frequencies used perFuturecast UTB system. If the value of the CELL_ID is not known orunspecified, this field is set to ‘0’.

NETWORK_ID: This is a 16-bit field which uniquely identifies the currentATSC network.

SYSTEM_ID: This 16-bit field uniquely identifies the Futurecast UTBsystem within the ATSC network. The Futurecast UTB system is theterrestrial broadcast system whose input is one or more input streams(TS, IP, GS) and whose output is an RF signal. The Futurecast UTB systemcarries one or more PHY profiles and FEF, if any. The same FuturecastUTB system may carry different input streams and use different RFfrequencies in different geographical areas, allowing local serviceinsertion. The frame structure and scheduling is controlled in one placeand is identical for all transmissions within a Futurecast UTB system.One or more Futurecast UTB systems may have the same SYSTEM_ID meaningthat they all have the same physical layer structure and configuration.

The following loop consists of FRU_PHY_PROFILE, FRU_FRAME_LENGTH,FRU_GI_FRACTION, and RESERVED which are used to indicate the FRUconfiguration and the length of each frame type. The loop size is fixedso that four PHY profiles (including a FEF) are signaled within the FRU.If NUM_FRAME_FRU is less than 4, the unused fields are filled withzeros.

FRU_PHY_PROFILE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile type of the(i+1)th (i is the loop index) frame of the associated FRU. This fielduses the same signaling format as shown in the table 8.

FRU_FRAME_LENGTH: This 2-bit field indicates the length of the (i+1)thframe of the associated FRU. Using FRU_FRAME_LENGTH together withFRU_GI_FRACTION, the exact value of the frame duration can be obtained.

FRU_GI_FRACTION: This 3-bit field indicates the guard interval fractionvalue of the (i+1)th frame of the associated FRU. FRU_GI_FRACTION issignaled according to the table 7.

RESERVED: This 4-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields provide parameters for decoding the PLS2 data.

PLS2_FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used by the PLS2protection. The FEC type is signaled according to table 10. The detailsof the LDPC codes will be described later.

TABLE 10 Content PLS2 FEC type 00 4K-1/4 and 7K-3/10 LDPC codes 01~11Reserved

PLS2_MOD: This 3-bit field indicates the modulation type used by thePLS2. The modulation type is signaled according to table 11.

TABLE 11 Value PLS2_MODE 000 BPSK 001 QPSK 010 QAM-16 011 NUQ-64 100~111Reserved

PLS2_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotal_partial_block, thesize (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection of fullcoded blocks for PLS2 that is carried in the current frame-group. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_STAT_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, in bits, ofthe PLS2-STAT for the current frame-group. This value is constant duringthe entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_DYN_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, in bits, of thePLS2-DYN for the current frame-group. This value is constant during theentire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_REP_FLAG: This 1-bit flag indicates whether the PLS2 repetitionmode is used in the current frame-group. When this field is set to value‘1’, the PLS2 repetition mode is activated. When this field is set tovalue ‘0’, the PLS2 repetition mode is deactivated.

PLS2_REP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotalpartial block, thesize (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection of partialcoded blocks for PLS2 carried in every frame of the current frame-group,when PLS2 repetition is used. If repetition is not used, the value ofthis field is equal to 0. This value is constant during the entireduration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used forPLS2 that is carried in every frame of the next frame-group. The FECtype is signaled according to the table 10.

PLS2_NEXT_MOD: This 3-bit field indicates the modulation type used forPLS2 that is carried in every frame of the next frame-group. Themodulation type is signaled according to the table 11.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_FLAG: This 1-bit flag indicates whether the PLS2repetition mode is used in the next frame-group. When this field is setto value ‘1’, the PLS2 repetition mode is activated. When this field isset to value ‘0’, the PLS2 repetition mode is deactivated.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotal full block,The size (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection offull coded blocks for PLS2 that is carried in every frame of the nextframe-group, when PLS2 repetition is used. If repetition is not used inthe next frame-group, the value of this field is equal to 0. This valueis constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_STAT_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, inbits, of the PLS2-STAT for the next frame-group. This value is constantin the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_DYN_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, inbits, of the PLS2-DYN for the next frame-group. This value is constantin the current frame-group.

PLS2_AP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether additional parity isprovided for PLS2 in the current frame-group. This value is constantduring the entire duration of the current frame-group. The below table12 gives the values of this field. When this field is set to ‘00’,additional parity is not used for the PLS2 in the current frame-group.

TABLE 12 Value PLS2-AP mode 00 AP is not provided 01 AP1 mode 10~11Reserved

PLS2_AP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates the size (specified asthe number of QAM cells) of the additional parity bits of the PLS2. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_AP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether additional parityis provided for PLS2 signaling in every frame of next frame-group. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.The table 12 defines the values of this field

PLS2_NEXT_AP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates the size (specifiedas the number of QAM cells) of the additional parity bits of the PLS2 inevery frame of the next frame-group. This value is constant during theentire duration of the current frame-group.

RESERVED: This 32-bit field is reserved for future use.

CRC_32: A 32-bit error detection code, which is applied to the entirePLS1 signaling.

FIG. 13 illustrates PLS2 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 13 illustrates PLS2-STAT data of the PLS2 data. The PLS2-STAT dataare the same within a frame-group, while the PLS2-DYN data provideinformation that is specific for the current frame.

The details of fields of the PLS2-STAT data are as follows:

FIC_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the FIC is used in thecurrent frame-group. If this field is set to ‘1’, the FIC is provided inthe current frame. If this field set to ‘0’, the FIC is not carried inthe current frame. This value is constant during the entire duration ofthe current frame-group.

AUX_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the auxiliary stream(s) isused in the current frame-group. If this field is set to ‘1’, theauxiliary stream is provided in the current frame. If this field set to‘0’, the auxiliary stream is not carried in the current frame. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of current frame-group.

NUM_DP: This 6-bit field indicates the number of DPs carried within thecurrent frame. The value of this field ranges from 1 to 64, and thenumber of DPs is NUM_DP+1.

DP_ID: This 6-bit field identifies uniquely a DP within a PHY profile.

DP_TYPE: This 3-bit field indicates the type of the DP. This is signaledaccording to the below table 13.

TABLE 13 Value DP Type 000 DP Type 1 001 DP Type 2 010~111 reserved

DP_GROUP_ID: This 8-bit field identifies the DP group with which thecurrent DP is associated. This can be used by a receiver to access theDPs of the service components associated with a particular service,which will have the same DP_GROUP_ID.

BASE_DP_ID: This 6-bit field indicates the DP carrying service signalingdata (such as PSI/SI) used in the Management layer. The DP indicated byBASE_DP_ID may be either a normal DP carrying the service signaling dataalong with the service data or a dedicated DP carrying only the servicesignaling data

DP_FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used by theassociated DP. The FEC type is signaled according to the below table 14.

TABLE 14 Value FEC_TYPE 00 16K LDPC 01 64K LDPC 10~11 Reserved

DP_COD: This 4-bit field indicates the code rate used by the associatedDP. The code rate is signaled according to the below table 15.

TABLE 15 Value Code rate 0000  5/15 0001  6/15 0010  7/15 0011  8/150100  9/15 0101 10/15 0110 11/15 0111 12/15 1000 13/15 1001~1111Reserved

DP_MOD: This 4-bit field indicates the modulation used by the associatedDP. The modulation is signaled according to the below table 16.

TABLE 16 Value Modulation 0000 QPSK 0001 QAM-16 0010 NUQ-64 0011 NUQ-2560100 NUQ-1024 0101 NUC-16 0110 NUC-64 0111 NUC-256 1000 NUC-10241001~1111 reserved

DP_SSD_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the SSD mode is used inthe associated DP. If this field is set to value ‘1’, SSD is used. Ifthis field is set to value ‘0’, SSD is not used.

The following field appears only if PHY_PROFILE is equal to ‘010’, whichindicates the advanced profile:

DP_MIMO: This 3-bit field indicates which type of MIMO encoding processis applied to the associated DP. The type of MIMO encoding process issignaled according to the table 17.

TABLE 17 Value MIMO encoding 000 FR-SM 001 FRFD-SM 010~111 reserved

DP_TI_TYPE: This 1-bit field indicates the type of time-interleaving. Avalue of ‘0’ indicates that one TI group corresponds to one frame andcontains one or more TI-blocks. A value of ‘1’ indicates that one TIgroup is carried in more than one frame and contains only one TI-block.

DP_TI_LENGTH: The use of this 2-bit field (the allowed values are only1, 2, 4, 8) is determined by the values set within the DP_TI_TYPE fieldas follows:

If the DP_TI_TYPE is set to the value ‘1’, this field indicates PI, thenumber of the frames to which each TI group is mapped, and there is oneTI-block per TI group (NTI=1). The allowed PI values with 2-bit fieldare defined in the below table 18.

If the DP_TI_TYPE is set to the value ‘0’, this field indicates thenumber of TI-blocks NTI per TI group, and there is one TI group perframe (PI=1). The allowed PI values with 2-bit field are defined in thebelow table 18.

TABLE 18 2-bit field PI NTI 00 1 1 01 2 2 10 4 3 11 8 4

DP_FRAME_INTERVAL: This 2-bit field indicates the frame interval (IJUMP)within the frame-group for the associated DP and the allowed values are1, 2, 4, 8 (the corresponding 2-bit field is ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘10’, or ‘11’,respectively). For DPs that do not appear every frame of theframe-group, the value of this field is equal to the interval betweensuccessive frames. For example, if a DP appears on the frames 1, 5, 9,13, etc., this field is set to ‘4’. For DPs that appear in every frame,this field is set to ‘1’.

DP_TI_BYPASS: This 1-bit field determines the availability of timeinterleaver 5050. If time interleaving is not used for a DP, it is setto ‘1’. Whereas if time interleaving is used it is set to ‘0’.

DP_FIRST_FRAME_IDX: This 5-bit field indicates the index of the firstframe of the super-frame in which the current DP occurs. The value ofDP_FIRST_FRAME_IDX ranges from 0 to 31

DP_NUM_BLOCK_MAX: This 10-bit field indicates the maximum value ofDP_NUM_BLOCKS for this DP. The value of this field has the same range asDP_NUM_BLOCKS.

DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the type of the payload datacarried by the given DP. DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is signaled according to thebelow table 19.

TABLE 19 Value Payload Type 00 TS. 01 IP 10 GS 11 reserved

DP_INBAND_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether the current DPcarries in-band signaling information. The in-band signaling type issignaled according to the below table 20.

TABLE 20 Value In-band mode 00 In-band signaling is not carried. 01INBAND-PLS is carried only 10 INBAND-ISSY is carried only 11 INBAND-PLSand INBAND-ISSY are carried

DP_PROTOCOL_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the protocol type of thepayload carried by the given DP. It is signaled according to the belowtable 21 when input payload types are selected.

TABLE 21 If DP_PAY- If If LOAD_TYPE DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE DP_PAYLOAD_TYPEValue Is TS Is IP Is GS 00 MPEG2-TS IPv4 (Note) 01 Reserved IPv6Reserved 10 Reserved Reserved Reserved 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved

DP_CRC_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether CRC encoding is used inthe Input Formatting block. The CRC mode is signaled according to thebelow table 22.

TABLE 22 Value CRC mode 00 Not used 01 CRC-8 10 CRC-16 11 CRC-32

DNP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates the null-packet deletion mode usedby the associated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). DNP_MODEis signaled according to the below table 23. If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is notTS (‘00’), DNP_MODE is set to the value ‘00’.

TABLE 23 Value Null-packet deletion mode 00 Not used 01 DNP-NORMAL 10DNP-OFFSET 11 Reserved

ISSY_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates the ISSY mode used by theassociated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). The ISSY_MODE issignaled according to the below table 24 If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is not TS(‘00’), ISSY_MODE is set to the value ‘00’.

TABLE 24 Value ISSY mode 00 Not used 01 ISSY-UP 10 ISSY-BBF 11 reserved

HC_MODE_TS: This 2-bit field indicates the TS header compression modeused by the associated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). TheHC_MODE_TS is signaled according to the below table 25.

TABLE 25 Value Header compression mode 00 HC_MODE_TS 1 01 HC_MODE_TS 210 HC_MODE_TS 3 11 HC_MODE_TS 4

HC_MODE_IP: This 2-bit field indicates the IP header compression modewhen DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to IP (‘01’). The HC_MODE_IP is signaledaccording to the below table 26.

TABLE 26 Value Header compression mode 00 No compression 01 HC_MODE_IP 110~11 reserved

PID: This 13-bit field indicates the PID number for TS headercompression when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’) and HC_MODE_TS isset to ‘01’ or ‘10’.

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following field appears only if FIC_FLAG is equal to ‘1’:

FIC_VERSION: This 8-bit field indicates the version number of the FIC.

FIC_LENGTH_BYTE: This 13-bit field indicates the length, in bytes, ofthe FIC.

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following field appears only if AUX_FLAG is equal to ‘1’:

NUM_AUX: This 4-bit field indicates the number of auxiliary streams.Zero means no auxiliary streams are used.

AUX_CONFIG_RFU: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

AUX_STREAM_TYPE: This 4-bit is reserved for future use for indicatingthe type of the current auxiliary stream.

AUX_PRIVATE_CONFIG: This 28-bit field is reserved for future use forsignaling auxiliary streams.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2 data according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2-DYN data of the PLS2 data. The values of thePLS2-DYN data may change during the duration of one frame-group, whilethe size of fields remains constant.

The details of fields of the PLS2-DYN data are as follows:

FRAME_INDEX: This 5-bit field indicates the frame index of the currentframe within the super-frame. The index of the first frame of thesuper-frame is set to ‘0’.

PLS_CHANGE_COUNTER: This 4-bit field indicates the number ofsuper-frames ahead where the configuration will change. The nextsuper-frame with changes in the configuration is indicated by the valuesignaled within this field. If this field is set to the value ‘0000’, itmeans that no scheduled change is foreseen: e.g., value ‘1’ indicatesthat there is a change in the next super-frame.

FIC_CHANGE_COUNTER: This 4-bit field indicates the number ofsuper-frames ahead where the configuration (i.e., the contents of theFIC) will change. The next super-frame with changes in the configurationis indicated by the value signaled within this field. If this field isset to the value ‘0000’, it means that no scheduled change is foreseen:e.g. value ‘0001’ indicates that there is a change in the nextsuper-frame.

RESERVED: This 16-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields appear in the loop over NUM_DP, which describe theparameters associated with the DP carried in the current frame.

DP_ID: This 6-bit field indicates uniquely the DP within a PHY profile.

DP_START: This 15-bit (or 13-bit) field indicates the start position ofthe first of the DPs using the DPU addressing scheme. The DP_START fieldhas differing length according to the PHY profile and FFT size as shownin the below table 27.

TABLE 27 DP_START field size PHY profile 64K 16K Base 13 bit 15 bitHandheld — 13 bit Advanced 13 bit 15 bit

DP_NUM_BLOCK: This 10-bit field indicates the number of FEC blocks inthe current TI group for the current DP. The value of DP_NUM_BLOCKranges from 0 to 1023

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields indicate the FIC parameters associated with theEAC.

EAC_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates the existence of the EAC in thecurrent frame. This bit is the same value as the EAC_FLAG in thepreamble.

EAS_WAKE_UP_VERSION_NUM: This 8-bit field indicates the version numberof a wake-up indication.

If the EAC_FLAG field is equal to ‘1’, the following 12 bits areallocated for EAC_LENGTH_BYTE field. If the EAC_FLAG field is equal to‘0’, the following 12 bits are allocated for EAC_COUNTER.

EAC_LENGTH_BYTE: This 12-bit field indicates the length, in byte, of theEAC.

EAC_COUNTER: This 12-bit field indicates the number of the frames beforethe frame where the EAC arrives.

The following field appears only if the AUX_FLAG field is equal to ‘1’:

AUX_PRIVATE_DYN: This 48-bit field is reserved for future use forsignaling auxiliary streams. The meaning of this field depends on thevalue of AUX_STREAM_TYPE in the configurable PLS2-STAT.

CRC_32: A 32-bit error detection code, which is applied to the entirePLS2.

FIG. 15 illustrates a logical structure of a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As above mentioned, the PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams and dummycells are mapped into the active carriers of the OFDM symbols in theframe. The PLS1 and PLS2 are first mapped into one or more FSS(s). Afterthat, EAC cells, if any, are mapped immediately following the PLS field,followed next by FIC cells, if any. The DPs are mapped next after thePLS or EAC, FIC, if any. Type 1 DPs follows first, and Type 2 DPs next.The details of a type of the DP will be described later. In some case,DPs may carry some special data for EAS or service signaling data. Theauxiliary stream or streams, if any, follow the DPs, which in turn arefollowed by dummy cells. Mapping them all together in the abovementioned order, i.e. PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams and dummydata cells exactly fill the cell capacity in the frame.

FIG. 16 illustrates PLS mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

PLS cells are mapped to the active carriers of FSS(s). Depending on thenumber of cells occupied by PLS, one or more symbols are designated asFSS(s), and the number of FSS(s) NFSS is signaled by NUM_FSS in PLS1.The FSS is a special symbol for carrying PLS cells. Since robustness andlatency are critical issues in the PLS, the FSS(s) has higher density ofpilots allowing fast synchronization and frequency-only interpolationwithin the FSS.

PLS cells are mapped to active carriers of the NFSS FSS(s) in a top-downmanner as shown in an example in FIG. 16. The PLS1 cells are mappedfirst from the first cell of the first FSS in an increasing order of thecell index. The PLS2 cells follow immediately after the last cell of thePLS1 and mapping continues downward until the last cell index of thefirst FSS. If the total number of required PLS cells exceeds the numberof active carriers of one FSS, mapping proceeds to the next FSS andcontinues in exactly the same manner as the first FSS.

After PLS mapping is completed, DPs are carried next. If EAC, FIC orboth are present in the current frame, they are placed between PLS and“normal” DPs.

FIG. 17 illustrates EAC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

EAC is a dedicated channel for carrying EAS messages and links to theDPs for EAS. EAS support is provided but EAC itself may or may not bepresent in every frame. EAC, if any, is mapped immediately after thePLS2 cells. EAC is not preceded by any of the FIC, DPs, auxiliarystreams or dummy cells other than the PLS cells. The procedure ofmapping the EAC cells is exactly the same as that of the PLS.

The EAC cells are mapped from the next cell of the PLS2 in increasingorder of the cell index as shown in the example in FIG. 17. Depending onthe EAS message size, EAC cells may occupy a few symbols, as shown inFIG. 17.

EAC cells follow immediately after the last cell of the PLS2, andmapping continues downward until the last cell index of the last FSS. Ifthe total number of required EAC cells exceeds the number of remainingactive carriers of the last FSS mapping proceeds to the next symbol andcontinues in exactly the same manner as FSS(s). The next symbol formapping in this case is the normal data symbol, which has more activecarriers than a FSS.

After EAC mapping is completed, the FIC is carried next, if any exists.If FIC is not transmitted (as signaled in the PLS2 field), DPs followimmediately after the last cell of the EAC.

FIG. 18 illustrates FIC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

shows an example mapping of FIC cell without EAC and (b) shows anexample mapping of FIC cell with EAC.

FIC is a dedicated channel for carrying cross-layer information toenable fast service acquisition and channel scanning. This informationprimarily includes channel binding information between DPs and theservices of each broadcaster. For fast scan, a receiver can decode FICand obtain information such as broadcaster ID, number of services, andBASE_DP_ID. For fast service acquisition, in addition to FIC, base DPcan be decoded using BASE_DP_ID. Other than the content it carries, abase DP is encoded and mapped to a frame in exactly the same way as anormal DP. Therefore, no additional description is required for a baseDP. The FIC data is generated and consumed in the Management Layer. Thecontent of FIC data is as described in the Management Layerspecification.

The FIC data is optional and the use of FIC is signaled by the FIC_FLAGparameter in the static part of the PLS2. If FIC is used, FIC_FLAG isset to ‘1’ and the signaling field for FIC is defined in the static partof PLS2. Signaled in this field are FIC_VERSION, and FIC_LENGTH_BYTE.FIC uses the same modulation, coding and time interleaving parameters asPLS2. FIC shares the same signaling parameters such as PLS2_MOD andPLS2_FEC. FIC data, if any, is mapped immediately after PLS2 or EAC ifany. FIC is not preceded by any normal DPs, auxiliary streams or dummycells. The method of mapping FIC cells is exactly the same as that ofEAC which is again the same as PLS.

Without EAC after PLS, FIC cells are mapped from the next cell of thePLS2 in an increasing order of the cell index as shown in an example in(a). Depending on the FIC data size, FIC cells may be mapped over a fewsymbols, as shown in (b).

FIC cells follow immediately after the last cell of the PLS2, andmapping continues downward until the last cell index of the last FSS. Ifthe total number of required FIC cells exceeds the number of remainingactive carriers of the last FSS, mapping proceeds to the next symbol andcontinues in exactly the same manner as FSS(s). The next symbol formapping in this case is the normal data symbol which has more activecarriers than a FSS.

If EAS messages are transmitted in the current frame, EAC precedes FIC,and FIC cells are mapped from the next cell of the EAC in an increasingorder of the cell index as shown in (b).

After FIC mapping is completed, one or more DPs are mapped, followed byauxiliary streams, if any, and dummy cells.

FIG. 19 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 19 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention before bit interleaving. As above mentioned, Data FECencoder may perform the FEC encoding on the input BBF to generateFECBLOCK procedure using outer coding (BCH), and inner coding (LDPC).The illustrated FEC structure corresponds to the FECBLOCK. Also, theFECBLOCK and the FEC structure have same value corresponding to a lengthof LDPC codeword.

The BCH encoding is applied to each BBF (Kbch bits), and then LDPCencoding is applied to BCH-encoded BBF (Kldpc bits=Nbch bits) asillustrated in FIG. 22.

The value of Nldpc is either 64800 bits (long FECBLOCK) or 16200 bits(short FECBLOCK).

The below table 28 and table 29 show FEC encoding parameters for a longFECBLOCK and a short FECBLOCK, respectively.

TABLE 28 BCH error LDPC correction Nbch- Rate Nldpc Kldpc Kbchcapability Kbch 5/15 64800 21600 21408 12 192 6/15 25920 25728 7/1530240 30048 8/15 34560 34368 9/15 38880 38688 10/15 43200 43008 11/1547520 47328 12/15 51840 51648 13/15 56160 55968

TABLE 29 BCH error LDPC correction Nbch- Rate Nldpc Kldpc Kbchcapability Kbch 5/15 16200 5400 5232 12 168 6/15 6480 6312 7/15 75607392 8/15 8640 8472 9/15 9720 9552 10/15 10800 10632 11/15 11880 1171212/15 12960 12792 13/15 14040 13872

The details of operations of the BCH encoding and LDPC encoding are asfollows:

A 12-error correcting BCH code is used for outer encoding of the BBF.The BCH generator polynomial for short FECBLOCK and long FECBLOCK areobtained by multiplying together all polynomials.

LDPC code is used to encode the output of the outer BCH encoding. Togenerate a completed Bldpc (FECBLOCK), Pldpc (parity bits) is encodedsystematically from each Ildpc (BCH-encoded BBF), and appended to Ildpc.The completed Bldpc (FECBLOCK) are expressed as follow equation.B _(ldpc)=[I _(ldpc) P _(ldpc)]=[i ₀ ,i ₁ , . . . ,i _(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹ ,p₀ ,p ₁ , . . . ,p _(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹]  [Equation 2]

The parameters for long FECBLOCK and short FECBLOCK are given in theabove table 28 and 29, respectively.

The detailed procedure to calculate Nldpc-Kldpc parity bits for longFECBLOCK, is as follows:

1) Initialize the parity bits,p ₀ =p ₁ =p ₂ = . . . =p _(N) _(lpdc) _(−K) _(ldc) ⁻¹=0  [Equation 3]

2) Accumulate the first information bit-i0, at parity bit addressesspecified in the first row of an addresses of parity check matrix. Thedetails of addresses of parity check matrix will be described later. Forexample, for rate 13/15:

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{p_{983} = {p_{983} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & {p_{2815} = {p_{2815} \oplus i_{0}}} \\{p_{4837} = {p_{4837} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & {p_{4989} = {p_{4989} \oplus i_{0}}} \\{p_{6138} = {p_{6138} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & {p_{6458} = {p_{6458} \oplus i_{0}}} \\{p_{6921} = {p_{6921} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & {p_{6974} = {p_{6974} \oplus i_{0}}} \\{p_{7572} = {p_{7572} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & {p_{8260} = {p_{8260} \oplus i_{0}}} \\{p_{8496} = {p_{8496} \oplus i_{0}}} & \; & \;\end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

3) For the next 359 information bits, is, s=1, 2, . . . , 359 accumulateis at parity bit addresses using following equation.{x+(s mod 360)×Q _(ldpc)} mod(N _(ldpc) −K _(ldpc))  [Equation 5]

where x denotes the address of the parity bit accumulator correspondingto the first bit i0, and Qldpc is a code rate dependent constantspecified in the addresses of parity check matrix. Continuing with theexample, Qldpc=24 for rate 13/15, so for information bit i1, thefollowing operations are performed:

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{p_{1007} = {p_{1007} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & {p_{2839} = {p_{2839} \oplus i_{1}}} \\{p_{4861} = {p_{4861} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & {p_{5013} = {p_{5013} \oplus i_{1}}} \\{p_{6162} = {p_{6162} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & {p_{6482} = {p_{6482} \oplus i_{1}}} \\{p_{6945} = {p_{6945} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & {p_{6998} = {p_{6998} \oplus i_{1}}} \\{p_{7596} = {p_{7596} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & {p_{8284} = {p_{8284} \oplus i_{1}}} \\{p_{8520} = {p_{8520} \oplus i_{1}}} & \; & \;\end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

4) For the 361st information bit i360, the addresses of the parity bitaccumulators are given in the second row of the addresses of paritycheck matrix. In a similar manner the addresses of the parity bitaccumulators for the following 359 information bits is, s=361, 362, . .. , 719 are obtained using the equation 6, where x denotes the addressof the parity bit accumulator corresponding to the information bit i360,i.e., the entries in the second row of the addresses of parity checkmatrix.

5) In a similar manner, for every group of 360 new information bits, anew row from addresses of parity check matrixes used to find theaddresses of the parity bit accumulators.

After all of the information bits are exhausted, the final parity bitsare obtained as follows:

6) Sequentially perform the following operations starting with i=1p _(i) =p _(i) ⊕p _(i-1) ,i=1,2, . . . ,N _(lpdc) −K_(ldpc)−1  [Equation 7]

where final content of pi, i=0, 1, . . . Nldpc−Kldpc−1 is equal to theparity bit pi.

TABLE 30 Code Rate Qldpc 5/15 120 6/15 108 7/15 96 8/15 84 9/15 72 10/1560 11/15 48 12/15 36 13/15 24

This LDPC encoding procedure for a short FECBLOCK is in accordance withthe LDPC encoding procedure for the long FECBLOCK, except replacing thetable 30 with table 31, and replacing the addresses of parity checkmatrix for the long FECBLOCK with the addresses of parity check matrixfor the short FECBLOCK.

TABLE 31 Code Rate Qldpc 5/15 30 6/15 27 7/15 24 8/15 21 9/15 18 10/1515 11/15 12 12/15 9 13/15 6

FIG. 20 illustrates a time interleaving according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

In FIG. 20, (a) to (c) show examples of TI mode.

The time interleaver operates at the DP level. The parameters of timeinterleaving (TI) may be set differently for each DP.

The following parameters, which appear in part of the PLS2-STAT data,configure the TI:

DP_TI_TYPE (allowed values: 0 or 1): Represents the TI mode; ‘0’indicates the mode with multiple TI blocks (more than one TI block) perTI group. In this case, one TI group is directly mapped to one frame (nointer-frame interleaving). ‘1’ indicates the mode with only one TI blockper TI group. In this case, the TI block may be spread over more thanone frame (inter-frame interleaving).

DP_TI_LENGTH: If DP_TI_TYPE=‘0’, this parameter is the number of TIblocks NTI per TI group. For DP_TI_TYPE=‘1’, this parameter is thenumber of frames PI spread from one TI group.

DP_NUM_BLOCK_MAX (allowed values: 0 to 1023): Represents the maximumnumber of XFECBLOCKs per TI group.

DP_FRAME_INTERVAL (allowed values: 1, 2, 4, 8): Represents the number ofthe frames IJUMP between two successive frames carrying the same DP of agiven PHY profile.

DP_TI_BYPASS (allowed values: 0 or 1): If time interleaving is not usedfor a DP, this parameter is set to ‘1’. It is set to ‘0’ if timeinterleaving is used.

Additionally, the parameter DP_NUM_BLOCK from the PLS2-DYN data is usedto represent the number of XFECBLOCKs carried by one TI group of the DP.

When time interleaving is not used for a DP, the following TI group,time interleaving operation, and TI mode are not considered. However,the Delay Compensation block for the dynamic configuration informationfrom the scheduler will still be required. In each DP, the XFECBLOCKsreceived from the SSD/MIMO encoding are grouped into TI groups. That is,each TI group is a set of an integer number of XFECBLOCKs and willcontain a dynamically variable number of XFECBLOCKs. The number ofXFECBLOCKs in the TI group of index n is denoted by NxBLOCK_Group(n) andis signaled as DP_NUM_BLOCK in the PLS2-DYN data. Note thatNxBLOCK_Group(n) may vary from the minimum value of 0 to the maximumvalue NxBLOCK_Group MAX (corresponding to DP_NUM_BLOCK_MAX) of which thelargest value is 1023.

Each TI group is either mapped directly onto one frame or spread over PIframes. Each TI group is also divided into more than one TI blocks(NTI),where each TI block corresponds to one usage of time interleaver memory.The TI blocks within the TI group may contain slightly different numbersof XFECBLOCKs. If the TI group is divided into multiple TI blocks, it isdirectly mapped to only one frame. There are three options for timeinterleaving (except the extra option of skipping the time interleaving)as shown in the below table 32.

TABLE 32 Modes Descriptions Option-1 Each TI group contains one TI blockand is mapped directly to one frame as shown in (a). This option issignaled in the PLS2-STAT by DP_TI_TYPE = ‘0’ and DP_TI_LENGTH = ‘1’(NTI = 1). Option-2 Each TI group contains one TI block and is mapped tomore than one frame. (b) shows an example, where one TI group is mappedto two frames, i.e., DP_TI_LENGTH = ‘2’ (PI = 2) and DP_FRAME_INTERVAL(IJUMP = 2). This provides greater time diversity for low data-rateservices. This option is signaled in the PLS2-STAT by DP_TI_TYPE = ‘1’.Option-3 Each TI group is divided into multiple TI blocks and is mappeddirectly to one frame as shown in (c). Each TI block may use full TImemory, so as to provide the maximum bit-rate for a DP. This option issignaled in the PLS2-STAT signaling by DP_TI_TYPE = ‘0’ and DP_TI_LENGTH= NTI, while PI = 1.

Typically, the time interleaver will also act as a buffer for DP dataprior to the process of frame building. This is achieved by means of twomemory banks for each DP. The first TI-block is written to the firstbank. The second TI-block is written to the second bank while the firstbank is being read from and so on.

The TI is a twisted row-column block interleaver. For the sth TI blockof the nth TI group, the number of rows N_(r) of a TI memory is equal tothe number of cells N_(cells), i.e., N_(r)=N_(cells) while the number ofcolumns N_(c) is equal to the number N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n,s).

FIG. 21 illustrates the basic operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21(a) shows a writing operation in the time interleaver and FIG.21(b) shows a reading operation in the time interleaver The firstXFECBLOCK is written column-wise into the first column of the TI memory,and the second XFECBLOCK is written into the next column, and so on asshown in (a). Then, in the interleaving array, cells are read outdiagonal-wise. During diagonal-wise reading from the first row(rightwards along the row beginning with the left-most column) to thelast row, N_(r) cells are read out as shown in (b). In detail, assumingz_(n,s,i) (i=0, . . . , N_(r)N_(e)) as the TI memory cell position to beread sequentially, the reading process in such an interleaving array isperformed by calculating the row index R_(n,s,i), the column indexC_(n,s,i), and the associated twisting parameter T_(n,s,i) as followsequation.

$\begin{matrix}{{{GENERATE}\left( {R_{n,s,i},C_{n,s,i}} \right)} = \left\{ {{R_{n,s,i} = {{mod}\left( {i,N_{r}} \right)}},{T_{n,s,i} = {{mod}\left( {{S_{shift} \times R_{n,s,i}},N_{c}} \right)}},{C_{n,s,i} = {{mod}\left( {{T_{n,s,i} + \left\lfloor \frac{i}{N_{r}} \right\rfloor},N_{c}} \right)}}} \right\}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

where S_(shift) is a common shift value for the diagonal-wise readingprocess regardless of N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n,s), and it is determined byN_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX) given in the PLS2-STAT as follows equation.

                                     [Equation  9]${for}\mspace{14mu}\left\{ {\begin{matrix}{{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} = {N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}} + 1}},} & {{{if}\mspace{14mu} N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}{mod}\; 2} = 0} \\{{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} = N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}},} & {{{if}\mspace{14mu} N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}{mod}\; 2} = 1}\end{matrix},\mspace{79mu}{S_{shift} = \frac{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} - 1}{2}}} \right.$

As a result, the cell positions to be read are calculated by acoordinate as z_(n,s,i)=N_(r)C_(n,s,i)+R_(n,s,i).

FIG. 22 illustrates an operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to another embodiment of the present invention.

More specifically, FIG. 22 illustrates the interleaving array in the TImemory for each TI group, including virtual XFECBLOCKs whenN_(xBLOCK_TI)(0,0)=3, N_(xBLOCK_TI)(1,0)=6 N_(xBLOCK_TI)(2,0)=5.

The variable number N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n,s)=N_(r) will be less than or equalto N′_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX). Thus, in order to achieve a single-memorydeinterleaving at the receiver side, regardless of N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n,s),the interleaving array for use in a twisted row-column block interleaveris set to the size of N_(r)×N_(c)=N_(cells)×N′_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX) byinserting the virtual XFECBLOCKs into the TI memory and the readingprocess is accomplished as follow equation.

$\begin{matrix}{{{p = 0};}{{{{for}\mspace{14mu} i} = 0},{{i < {N_{cell}N_{{xBLOCK}\;\_\;{TI}\;{\_{MAX}}}^{\prime}}};{i = {i + 1}}}}\left\{ {{{{GENERATE}\left( {R_{n,s,i},C_{n,s,i}} \right)}V_{i}} = {{{N_{r}C_{n,s,j}} + {R_{n,s,j}{if}\mspace{14mu} V_{i}}} < {N_{cells}{N_{{xBLOCK}\;\_\;{TI}}\left( {n,s} \right)}\left\{ {{Z_{n,s,p} = V_{i}},{{p = {p + 1}};}} \right\}}}} \right\}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

The number of TI groups is set to 3. The option of time interleaver issignaled in the PLS2-STAT data by DP_TI_TYPE=‘0’, DP_FRAME_INTERVAL=‘1’,and DP_TI_LENGTH=‘1’, i.e.,NTI=1, IJUMP=1, and PI=1. The number ofXFECBLOCKs, each of which has Ncells=30 cells, per TI group is signaledin the PLS2-DYN data by NxBLOCK_TI(0,0)=3, NxBLOCK_TI(1,0)=6, andNxBLOCK_TI(2,0)=5, respectively. The maximum number of XFECBLOCK issignaled in the PLS2-STAT data by NxBLOCK_Group MAX, which leads to└N_(xBLOCK_Group_MA)/N_(TI)┘=N_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX)=6.

FIG. 23 illustrates a diagonal-wise reading pattern of a twistedrow-column block interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

More specifically FIG. 23 shows a diagonal-wise reading pattern fromeach interleaving array with parameters of N′_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX)=7 andSshift=(7−1)/2=3. Note that in the reading process shown as pseudocodeabove, if V_(i)≥N_(cells)NN_(xBLOCK_TI)(n,s), the value of Vi is skippedand the next calculated value of Vi is used.

FIG. 24 illustrates interleaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleaving arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 illustrates the interleaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleavingarray with parameters of N′_(xBLOCK_TI_MAX)=7 and Sshift=3.

FIG. 25 illustrates signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As described above, the frequency interleaver according to the presentinvention performs interleaving using different interleaving sequencesin a plurality of OFDM symbols, but the frequency deinterleaver mayperform single-memory deinterleaving on the received OFDM symbols.

The present invention proposes a method for performing single-memorydeinterleaving by the frequency deinterleaver irrespective of whetherthe number of OFDM symbols in one frame is an even number or an oddnumber. To this end, the above-described architecture of the frequencyinterleaver may operate differently depending on whether the number ofOFDM symbols is an even number or an odd number. Furthermore, signalinginformation related thereto may be additionally defined in theabove-described preamble and/or the physical layer signal (PLS). Assuch, single-memory deinterleaving is not limited to a case in which thenumber of OFDM symbols is an even number, and may always be enabled.

Here, the PLS may be transmitted in a frame starting symbol (FSS) ofevery frame. Alternatively, according to another embodiment, the PLS maybe transmitted in the first OFDM symbol. Otherwise, based on whether thePLS is present, signaling information corresponding to the PLS may becompletely transmitted in the preamble. Or, signaling informationcorresponding to the preamble and/or the PLS may be transmitted inbootstrap information. The bootstrap information may be an informationpart located in front of the preamble.

Information about, for example, a processing operation used by thefrequency interleaver of the transmitter may include an FI_mode fieldand an N_sym field.

The FI_mode field may be a 1-bit field which can be located in thepreamble. The FI_mode field may indicate an interleaving scheme used inthe FSS or the first OFDM symbol of every frame.

The interleaving scheme indicated as the FI_mode field may include FIscheme #1 and FI scheme #2.

FI scheme #1 can indicate that the frequency interleaver of thetransmitter performs random writing operation and then linear readingoperation on the FSS. This case may correspond to a case in which theFI_mode field value is 0. The random writing or linear reading operationmay be performed in or from memory using a value generated by anarbitrary random sequence generator using, for example, a pseudo-randombinary sequence (PRBS). Here, linear reading may refer to sequentiallyreading operation.

FI scheme #2 can indicate that the transmitter performs linear writingoperation and then random reading operation on the FSS. This case maycorrespond to a case in which the FI_mode field value is 1. Likewise,the linear writing or random reading operation may be performed in orfrom memory using a value generated by an arbitrary random sequencegenerator using, for example, PRBS. Here, linear writing may refer to asequentially writing operation.

In addition, the FI_mode field may indicate an interleaving scheme usedin a frame edge symbol (FES) or the last OFDM symbol of every frame. Theinterleaving scheme applied to the FES may be indicated differently fromthe value of the N_sym field transmitted by the PLS. That is, theinterleaving scheme indicated as the FI_mode field may differ dependingon whether the number of OFDM symbols is an odd number or an evennumber. Mapping information between the two fields may be predefined asa table by the transmitter and the receiver.

The FI_mode field may be defined and transmitted in a part of the frameother than the preamble according to another embodiment.

The N_sym field may be a field which can be located in the PLS part. Thenumber of bits of the N_sym field is variable according to embodiments.The N_sym field may indicate number of OFDM symbols included in oneframe. As such, the receiver can acquire information about whether thenumber of OFDM symbols is an even number or an odd number.

Operation of the frequency deinterleaver corresponding to the frequencyinterleaver irrespective of the number of OFDM symbols in one frame isas described below. This frequency deinterleaver may performsingle-memory deinterleaving by utilizing the proposed signaling fieldsirrespective of whether the number of OFDM symbols is an even number oran odd number.

Initially, the frequency deinterleaver may perform frequencydeinterleaving on the FSS using information of the FI_mode field of thepreamble because the frequency interleaving scheme used in the FSS isindicated as the FI_mode.

The frequency deinterleaver may perform frequency deinterleaving on theFES using signaling information of the FI_mode field and signalinginformation of the N_sym field of the PLS. In this case, the mappinginformation between the two fields may be acquired using the predefinedtable. A description of the predefined table will be given below.

Overall deinterleaving operation on the other symbols may be performedinversely from the interleaving operation of the transmitter. That is,on a pair of contiguously input OFDM symbols, the frequencydeinterleaver may perform deinterleaving using one interleavingsequence. Here, the interleaving sequence may be an interleavingsequence used by the frequency interleaver for reading & writing. Thefrequency deinterleaver may perform reading & writing operationinversely using the interleaving sequence.

However, the frequency deinterleaver according to the present inventionmay not use a ping pong architecture using double memories. Thefrequency deinterleaver may perform deinterleaving on contiguously inputOFDM symbols using a single memory. As such, the efficiency of usingmemory by the frequency deinterleaver may be increased.

FIG. 26 illustrates FI schemes of FSS in signaling for single-memorydeinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in a frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

An interleaving scheme applied to frequency interleaving operation maybe determined using the above-described FI_mode field and the N_symfield.

In the case of FSS, when the number of OFDM symbols indicated as theN_sym field is an even number, FI scheme #1 may be performed on the FSSirrespective of the FI_mode field value.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an oddnumber, FI scheme #1 may be applied to the FSS if the FI_mode field hasa value of 0, and FI scheme #2 may be applied to the FSS if the FI_modefield has a value of 1. That is, when the number of OFDM symbols is anodd number, FI schemes #1 and #2 may be alternately applied to the FSSsymbols for frequency interleaving.

FIG. 27 illustrates operation of a reset mode in signaling forsingle-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in aframe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

For frequency interleaving on FES, the above-described symbol offsetgenerator may adopt a reset mode as a new concept. The reset mode mayrefer to a mode in which a symbol offset value generated by the symboloffset generator is ‘0’.

For frequency interleaving on FES, whether to use the reset mode may bedetermined using the above-described FI_mode field and the N_sym field.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an evennumber, the reset mode of the symbol offset generator may not operate(off) irrespective of the value of the FI_mode field.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an oddnumber, if the value of the FI_mode field is 0, the symbol offsetgenerator may operate in the reset mode (on). Otherwise, if the value ofthe FI_mode field is 1, the reset mode of the symbol offset generatormay not operate (off). That is, when the number of OFDM symbols is anodd number, the reset mode may be alternately turned on and off forfrequency interleaving.

FIG. 28 illustrates equations indicating input and output of thefrequency interleaver in signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As described above, OFDM symbol pairs of memory bank-A and memory bank-Bmay be processed through the above-described interleaving operation. Asdescribed above, for interleaving, a variety of different interleavingseeds generated by cyclically shifting one main interleaving seed may beused. Here, the interleaving seed may also be called an interleavingsequence. Alternatively, the interleaving seed may also be called aninterleaving address value, an address value, or an interleavingaddress. Here, the term “interleaving address value(s)” can be used forreferring plural address values, or for referring a interleaving seedwhich is a singular. That is, depending on embodiments, interleavingaddress value(s) can mean H(p) itself, or each addresses belong to H(p).

Input of frequency interleaving to be interleaved within one OFDM symbolmay be indicated as Om,l (t50010). Here, data cells may be indicated asxm,l,0, . . . xm,l,Ndata−1. Meanwhile, p may indicate a cell index, lmay indicate an OFDM symbol index, and m may indicate a frame index.That is, xm,l,p may indicate a p-th data cell of an l-th OFDM symbol ofan m-th frame. Ndata may indicate the number of data cells. Nsym mayindicate the number of symbols (frame signaling symbols, normal datasymbols, or frame edge symbols).

Data cells which are interleaved based on the above-described operationmay be indicated as Pm,l (t50020). The interleaved data cells may beindicated as vm,l,0, . . . vm,l,Ndata−1. Meanwhile, p, l, and m may havethe above-described index values.

FIG. 29 illustrates equations of a logical operation mechanism offrequency interleaving based on FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A description is now given of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme#1. As described above, frequency interleaving may be performed using aninterleaving sequence (interleaving address) of each memory bank.

Interleaving operation on an even symbol (j mod 2=0) may bemathematically expressed as given by equation t51010. On input data x,frequency interleaving may be performed using the interleaving sequence(interleaving address) to acquire output v. Here, p-th input data x maybe permuted to be identical to H(p)-th output data v.

That is, on an even symbol (the first symbol), random writing operationmay be performed using the interleaving sequence, and then linearreading operation for sequentially reading data may be performed. Here,the interleaving sequence (interleaving address) may be a valuegenerated by an arbitrary random sequence generator using, for example,PRBS.

Interleaving operation on an odd symbol (j mod 2=1) may bemathematically expressed as given by equation t51020. On input data x,frequency interleaving may be performed using the interleaving sequence(interleaving address) to acquire output v. Here, H(p)-th input data xmay be permuted to be identical to p-th output data v. That is, comparedto the interleaving process performed on the even symbol, theinterleaving sequence (interleaving address) may be applied inversely.

That is, on an odd symbol (the second symbol), a linear writingoperation for sequentially writing data in memory may be performed, andthen random reading operation for randomly reading the data using theinterleaving sequence may be performed. Likewise, the interleavingsequence (interleaving address) may be a value generated by an arbitraryrandom sequence generator using, for example, PRBS.

A description is now given of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme#2.

In the case of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme #2, operationon an even/odd symbol may be performed inversely from the operationbased on FI scheme #1.

That is, on the even symbol, linear writing operation may be performedand then random reading operation may be performed as given by equationt51020. In addition, on the odd symbol, random writing operation may beperformed and then linear reading operation may be performed as given byequation t51010. A detailed description thereof is the same as thatgiven above in relation to FI scheme #1.

The symbol index 1 may be indicated as 0, 1, . . . , Nsym-1, and thecell index p may be indicated as 0, 1, . . . , Ndata-1. According toanother embodiment, the frequency interleaving scheme on an even symboland the frequency interleaving scheme on an odd symbol may be switched.In addition, according to another embodiment, the frequency interleavingscheme based on FI scheme #1 and the frequency interleaving scheme basedon FI scheme #2 may be switched.

FIG. 30 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the current embodiment, the N_sym field may indicate that the numberof OFDM symbols in one frame is an even number. The current embodimentassumes that one frame includes one preamble and eight OFDM symbols.According to another embodiment, bootstrap information may be furtherincluded in front of the preamble. The bootstrap information is notillustrated.

In the current embodiment, one frame may include one FSS and one FES.Here, it is assumed that the FSS and the FES have the same length. Inaddition, since information of the N_sym field is transmitted in the PLSpart, the frequency deinterleaver may acquire the correspondinginformation after decoding the FSS. Furthermore, the current embodimentassumes that the N_sym field is completely decoded before operation onthe FES is performed.

In the FSS of each frame, the value of the symbol offset generator maybe reset to 0. Accordingly, the first and second symbols may beprocessed using the same interleaving sequence. In addition, sequence #0may be used for operation whenever each frame starts. After that,sequences #1 and #2 may be sequentially used for operation of thefrequency interleaver/deinterleaver.

FIG. 31 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the first frame, information about an interleaving scheme of the FSSmay be acquired from the FI_mode field of the preamble. In the currentembodiment, since the number of OFDM symbols is an even number, only FIscheme #1 may be used.

Then, the FSS may be decoded and thus N_sym information may be acquired.The N_sym information indicates that the number of symbols in thecurrent frame is an even number. After that, the acquired FI_modeinformation and the N_sym information may be used when the frequencydeinterleaver decodes the FES. Since the number of symbols is an evennumber, the symbol offset generator does not operate in theabove-described reset mode. That is, the reset mode may be in an offstate.

Subsequently, even in another frame, since an even number of OFDMsymbols are included, the frequency deinterleaver may operate in thesame manner. That is, the FI scheme to be used in the FSS is FI scheme#1, and the reset mode to be used in the FES may be in an off state.

FIG. 32 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the current embodiment, the N_sym field may indicate that the numberof OFDM symbols in one frame is an odd number. The current embodimentassumes that one frame includes one preamble and seven OFDM symbols.According to another embodiment, bootstrap information may be furtherincluded in front of the preamble. The bootstrap information is notillustrated.

In the current embodiment, like the case in which the number of symbolsis an even number, one frame may include one FSS and one FES. Here, itis assumed that the FSS and the FES have the same length. In addition,since information of the N_sym field is transmitted in the PLS part, thefrequency deinterleaver may acquire the corresponding information afterdecoding the FSS. Furthermore, the current embodiment assumes that theN_sym field is completely decoded before operation on the FES isperformed.

In the FSS of each frame, the value of the symbol offset generator maybe reset to 0. Furthermore, in the FES of an arbitrary frame, the symboloffset generator may operate in a reset mode based on the values of theFI_mode field and the N_sym field. Accordingly, in the FES of thearbitrary frame, the value of the symbol offset generator may be resetor not reset to 0. These reset operations may be alternately performedon frames.

The symbol offset generator may be reset in the last symbol of the firstframe, i.e., the FES. Accordingly, the interleaving sequence may bereset to sequence #0. As such, the frequency interleaver/deinterleavermay process the corresponding FES based on sequence #0 (t54010).

In the FSS of a subsequent frame, the symbol offset generator may bereset again and thus sequence #0 may be used (t54010). The symbol offsetgenerator may not be reset in the FES of the second frame (frame #1),and may be reset again in the FES of the third frame (frame #2).

FIG. 33 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the first frame, information about an interleaving scheme of the FSSmay be acquired from the FI_mode field of the preamble. Since the numberof OFDM symbols is an odd number, FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 may beused. In the current embodiment, FI scheme #1 is used in the firstframe.

Then, the FSS may be decoded and thus N_sym information may be acquired.The N_sym information indicates that the number of symbols in thecurrent frame is an odd number. After that, the acquired FI_modeinformation and the N_sym information may be used when the frequencydeinterleaver decodes the FES. Since the number of symbols is an oddnumber and FI scheme #1 is used, the FI_mode field value is 0. Since theFI_mode is 0, the symbol offset generator may operate in theabove-described reset mode. That is, the reset mode may be in an onstate.

The symbol offset generator may operate in the reset mode and thus maybe reset to 0. Since the FI_mode field value is 1 in the second frame,this indicates that the FSS is processed based on FI scheme #2. TheN_sym field indicates that the number of symbols is an odd number. Inthe second frame, since the FI_mode field value is 1 and the number ofsymbols is an odd number, the symbol offset generator may not operate inthe reset mode.

In this manner, the FI scheme to be used in the FSS may be alternatelyset to FI schemes #1 and #2. Furthermore, the reset mode to be used inthe FES may be alternately set to be on and off. According to anotherembodiment, the settings may not be changed every frame.

FIG. 34 illustrates operation of the frequency deinterleaver insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The frequency deinterleaver may perform frequency deinterleaving usinginformation of the predefined FI_mode field and/or the N_sym field. Asdescribed above, the frequency deinterleaver may operate using a singlememory. Basically, frequency deinterleaving may be inverse operation ofthe frequency interleaving operation performed by the transmitter, torestore the order of data.

As described above, frequency deinterleaving on the FSS may be performedbased on information about the FI scheme which is acquired from theFI_mode field and the N_sym field of the preamble. Frequencydeinterleaving on the FES may be performed based on informationindicating whether to the reset mode operates, which is acquired usingthe FI_mode field and the N_sym field.

That is, on a pair of input OFDM symbols, the frequency deinterleavermay perform inverse operation of the reading/writing operation of thefrequency interleaver. One interleaving sequence may be used in thisoperation.

However, as described above, the frequency interleaver follows the pingpong architecture using double memories, but the frequency deinterleavermay perform deinterleaving using a single memory. This single-memoryfrequency deinterleaving operation may be performed using information ofthe FI_mode field and the N_sym field. This information may allowsingle-memory frequency deinterleaving even on a frame having an oddnumber of OFDM symbols irrespective of the number of OFDM symbols.

The frequency interleaver according to the present invention may performfrequency interleaving on all data cells of the OFDM symbols. Thefrequency interleaver may map the data cells to available data carriersof the symbols.

The frequency interleaver according to the present invention may operatein different interleaving modes based on FFT size. For example, when theFFT size is 32K, the frequency interleaver may perform randomwriting/linear reading operation on an even symbol and perform linearwriting/random reading operation on an odd symbol as in FI scheme #1described above. Alternatively, when the FFT size is 16K or 8K, thefrequency interleaver may perform linear reading/random writingoperation on all symbols irrespective of an even/odd number.

The FFT size, which determines whether to switch the interleaving modes,may vary according to embodiments. That is, interleaving as in FI scheme#1 may be performed in the case of 32K and 16K, and interleavingirrespective of an even/odd number may be performed in the case of 8K.Alternatively, interleaving as in FI scheme #1 may be performed for allFFT sizes, or interleaving irrespective of an even/odd number may beperformed for all FFT sizes. Otherwise, according to another embodiment,interleaving as in FI scheme #2 may be performed for a specific FFTsize.

This frequency interleaving operation may be performed using theabove-described interleaving sequence (interleaving address). Theinterleaving sequence may be variously generated using an offset valueas described above. Alternatively, address check may be performed togenerate various interleaving sequences.

FIG. 35 illustrates the concept of a variable bit-rate system accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, a transport superframe, shown in FIG. 35, is composed ofNTI_NUM_TI groups and each TI group can include N BLOCK_TI FEC blocks.In this case, TI groups may respectively include different numbers ofFEC blocks. The TI group according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can be defined as a block for performing time interleaving andcan be used in the same meaning as the aforementioned TI block or IF.That is, one IF can include at least one TI block and the number of FECblocks in the TI block is variable.

When TI groups include different numbers of FEC blocks, the presentinvention performs interleaving on the TI groups using one twistedrow-column block interleaving rule in an embodiment. Accordingly, thereceiver can perform deinterleaving using a single memory. A descriptionwill be given of an input FEC block memory arrangement method andreading operation of the time interleaver in consideration of variablebit-rate (VBR) transmission in which the number of FEC blocks can bechanged per TI group.

FIG. 36 illustrates writing and reading operations of block interleavingaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. Detaileddescriptions about this figure was described before.

FIG. 37 shows equations representing block interleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The equations shown in the figure represent block interleaving appliedper TI group. As expressed by the equations, shift values can berespectively calculated in a case in which the number of FEC blocksincluded in a TI group is an odd number and a case in which the numberof FEC blocks included in a TI group is an even number. That is, blockinterleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention cancalculate a shift value after making the number of FEC blocks be anodd-number.

A time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan determine parameters related to interleaving on the basis of a TIgroup having a maximum number of FEC blocks in the correspondingsuperframe. Accordingly, the receiver can perform deinterleaving using asingle memory. Here, for a TI group having a smaller number of FECblocks than the maximum number of FEC blocks, virtual FEC blockscorresponding to a difference between the number of FEC blocks and themaximum number of FEC blocks can be added.

Virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan be inserted before actual FEC blocks. Subsequently, the timeinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention canperform interleaving on the TI groups using one twisted row-column blockinterleaving rule in consideration of the virtual FEC blocks. Inaddition, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can perform the aforementioned skip operation when amemory-index corresponding to virtual FEC blocks is generated duringreading operation. In the following writing operation, the number of FECblocks of input TI groups is matched to the number of FEC blocks ofoutput TI groups. Consequently, according to time interleaving accordingto an embodiment of the present invention, loss of data rate of dataactually transmitted may be prevented through skip operation even ifvirtual FEC blocks are inserted in order to perform efficientsingle-memory deinterleaving in the receiver.

FIG. 38 illustrates virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The left side of the figure shows parameters indicating a maximum numberof FEC blocks in a TI group, the actual number of FEC blocks included ina TI group and a difference between the maximum number of FEC blocks andthe actual number of FEC blocks, and equations for deriving the numberof virtual FEC blocks.

The right side of the figure shows an embodiment of inserting virtualFEC blocks into a TI group. In this case, the virtual FEC blocks can beinserted before actual FEC blocks, as described above.

FIG. 39 shows equations representing reading operation after insertionof virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

Skip operation illustrated in the figure can skip virtual FEC blocks inreading operation.

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating a time interleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

A time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan setup initial values (S67000).

Then, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can perform writing operation on actual FEC blocks inconsideration of virtual FEC blocks (S67100).

The time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan generate a temporal TI address (S67200).

Subsequently, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of thepresent invention can evaluate the availability of the generated TIreading address (S67300). Then, the time interleaver according to anembodiment of the present invention can generate a final TI readingaddress (S67400).

The time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan read the actual FEC blocks (S67500).

FIG. 41 shows equations representing a process of determining a shiftvalue and a maximum TI block size according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The figure shows an embodiment in which the number of TI groups is 2,the number of cells in a TI group is 30, the number of FEC blocksincluded in the first TI group is 5 and the number of FEC blocksincluded in the second TI block is 6. While a maximum number of FECblocks is 6, 6 is an even number. Accordingly, a maximum number of FECblocks, which is adjusted in order to obtain the shift value, can be 7and the shift value can be calculated as 4.

FIGS. 83 to 85 illustrate a TI process of the embodiment describedbefore.

FIG. 42 illustrates writing operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 42 shows writing operation for the two TI groups described before.

A block shown in the left side of the figure represents a TI memoryaddress array and blocks shown in the right side of the figureillustrate writing operation when two virtual FEC blocks and one virtualFEC block are respectively inserted into two continuous TI groups. Sincethe adjusted maximum number of FEC blocks is 7, as described above, twovirtual FEC blocks are inserted into the first TI group and one virtualFEC block is inserted into the second TI group.

FIG. 43 illustrates reading operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

A block shown in the left side of the figure represents a TI memoryaddress array and blocks shown in the right side of the figureillustrate reading operation when two virtual FEC blocks and one virtualFEC block are respectively inserted into two continuous TI groups. Inthis case, reading operation can be performed on the virtual FEC blocksin the same manner as the reading operation performed on actual FECblocks.

FIG. 44 illustrates a result of skip operation in reading operationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, virtual FEC blocks can be skipped in two TIgroups.

FIGS. 86 to 88 illustrate time deinterleaving corresponding to a reverseof TI described before.

Specifically, FIG. 45 illustrates time deinterleaving for the first TIgroup and FIG. 46 illustrates time deinterleaving for the second TIgroup.

FIG. 45 shows a writing process of time deinterleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

A left block in the figure shows a TI memory address array, a middleblock shows the first TI group input to a time deinterleaver and a rightblock shows a writing process performed in consideration of virtual FECblocks that are skipped with respect to the first TI group.

As shown in the figure, two virtual FEC blocks skipped during TI can berestored for correct reading operation in the writing process. In thiscase, the positions and quantity of the skipped two virtual FEC blockscan be estimated through an arbitrary algorithm.

FIG. 46 illustrates a writing process of time deinterleaving accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

A left block in the figure shows a TI memory address array, a middleblock shows the second TI group input to the time deinterleaver and aright block shows a writing process performed in consideration ofvirtual FEC blocks that are skipped with respect to the second TI group.

As shown in the figure, one virtual FEC block skipped during TI can berestored for correct reading operation in the writing process. In thiscase, the position and quantity of the skipped one virtual FEC block canbe estimated through an arbitrary algorithm.

FIG. 47 shows equations representing reading operation of timedeinterleaving according to another embodiment of the present invention.

A TDI shift value used in the receiver can be determined by a shiftvalue used in the transmitter, and skip operation can skip virtual FECblocks in reading operation, similarly to skip operation performed inthe transmitter.

FIG. 91 is a diagram showing the configuration of the binary format of aService_Mapping_Table according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

One embodiment of the present invention may provide a service signalingmethod when a ROUTE protocol and/or an MMP protocol for transmitting areal-time object based on a session is used. The service mapping tableaccording to one embodiment of the present invention may include servicesignaling information in a broadcast system according to the ROUTEprotocol and/or the MMT protocol. The service mapping table according toone embodiment of the present invention may be referred to as userservice bundle description.

The service mapping table according to one embodiment of the presentinvention may include a Signaling_id field, a Signaling_length field, aProtocol_version field, a Broadcast_id field, a Version_number field, anIp_version_flag field, a Signaling_data_type field, an expiration field,a Fragment_number field, a Last_fragment_number field, a Num_servicesfield, a Service_id field, a Service_name_length field, a Service_namefield, a Channel_number field, a service_category field, aService_status field, an SP_indicator field, a Num_route_sessions field,a Source_ip field, a Destination_ip field, a Port field, a Num_lsid_tsifield and an Lsid_delivery_tsi field.

The Signaling_id field indicates the ID indicating that this table is aservice mapping table (SMT).

The Signaling_length field indicates the length of the section after theSMT header.

The Protocol_version field indicates the version information of thesignaling protocol.

The Broadcast_id field indicates a unique ID of the broadcast.

The Version_number field indicates the version number of the signalingdata, that is, the version information of this table.

The Ip_version_flag field indicates the flag information indicating theIP described in this table is v4 or v6. When the value of this field is0 by default, the IP is v4 and, when the value of this field 1, the IPis v6.

The Signaling_data_type field indicates whether the type of thesignaling data included in this table is binary or xml.

The expiration field indicates the valid period of this table.

The Fragment_number field indicates the fragment number of this tablewhen all signaling data is fragmented and transmitted. Here, thefragment number may be referred to as a section number.

The Last_fragment_number field indicates the number of the last fragmentwhen all signaling data is fragmented and transmitted. Here, the lastfragment number may be referred to as a last section number.

The Num_services field indicates the number of services transmitted inthe SMT.

The Service_id field indicates the unique identifier of the service.According to one embodiment of the present invention, this field mayidentify the next generation broadcast service such as ATSC 3.0.

The Service_name_length field indicates the length of the service name.

The Service_name field indicates the name of the service.

The Channel_number field indicates the frequency actually used totransmit the service. This field may include a major channel numberand/or a minor channel number.

The service_category field indicates the category of the service.According to one embodiment of the present invention, the categoryindicated by this field may include Basic TV, Basic Radio, RI service,Service Guide, Emergency Alert, etc. Here, the Basic TV may include alinear A/V service, the Basic radio may include a linear audio onlyservice and the RI service may include an App-based service.

The service_status field indicates the status of the service. Forexample, when the value of this field is 0, this may indicate that theservice is Inactive, and, when the value of this field is 1, this mayindicate that the service is Active. When the value of this field is 3,this may indicate that the service is Shown and, when the value of thisfield is 4, this may indicate that the service is Hidden.

The SP_indicator field indicates whether service protection is appliedto the service or one or more components in the service.

The Num_route_sessions field indicates the number of ROUTE sessions fortransmitting the service.

The Source_ip field indicates the source IP address of the routesession.

The Destination_ip field indicates the destination IP address of theroute session.

The Port field indicates the destination port of the route session.

The Num_lsid_tsi field indicates the number of LCT session instancedescriptions (LSIDs) transmitted within the route session. According toone embodiment of the present invention, the LSID may be referred to asService-based transport session instance description (S-TSID).

The Lsid_delivery_tsi field indicates the value of the transport sessionidentifier (TSI) for transmitting the LSID. According to one embodimentof the present invention, this field may include information foridentifying the LSID having the information on the ROUTE session and/orthe LCT session for transmitting the service.

FIG. 92 is a diagram showing the configuration of the XML format of aService_Mapping_Table according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a service mappingtable (SMT) element which is a root element includes a service elementand the service element includes a Name element, a Category element, aRouteSessionInfo element, a serviced attribute, an RFChan attribute, aserviceStatus attribute and an SPindicator attribute, a RouteSessionInfoelement includes a sourceIPAddr element, a destinationIAddr element, aPort element and/or an lsid_delivery_tsi element, and the sourceIPAddrelement and/or the destinationIPAddr element may include a versionattribute. The above-described elements and/or attributes may have thesame meanings as the corresponding fields of the above-described fieldsof the previous drawings.

FIG. 93 is a diagram showing a process of receiving service signalinginformation included in a service mapping table according to oneembodiment of the present invention.

The reception apparatus according to one embodiment of the presentinvention may receive service signaling information included in theservice mapping table (SL93010) and then check the signaling_data_typefield included in the service signaling information to determine whetherthis information is in binary format or XML format (SL93020). When thisinformation is in XML format, the reception apparatus may parse theservice signaling information using an XML parser (SL93080) and, whenthis information is in binary format, the reception apparatus may parsethe service signaling information by the number of services indicated bythe Num_service field (SL93030). Thereafter, the reception apparatus mayacquire the Route Session info field of each service (SL93040) andacquire LSID transmission information transmitted in the route session(SL93050). Hereinafter, the reception apparatus may acquire TSI and/orDP information of each service and/or component (SL93060) and render thecomponents configuring the service on the display using the TSI and/orDP information (SL93070).

FIG. 94 is a diagram showing the configuration of service signalingaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

One embodiment of the present invention may provide service signalingbased on a ROUTE protocol and/or an MMT protocol. The service signalingaccording to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided inXML and/or binary format. Here, the service signaling may mean an SMT, aUSD and/or an S-TSID.

The service signaling according to one embodiment of the presentinvention includes one or more service elements and one service elementmay include id, serviceType, serviceName, channelNumber,ROUTESessionInfo and/or TimebaseLocation information as attributesand/or sub elements. The id, the serviceType and/or the channelNumberinformation were described above.

The ROUTESessionInfo information according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may include id, version, sourceIP, destinationIP,port, DP_ID and/or LSIDInfo as attributes and/or sub elements. The idinformation indicates the identifier of the ROUTE session fortransmitting the service. The version information indicates the versioninformation of the ROUTE session for transmitting the. In one embodimentof the present invention, when the id is identical and the versioninformation increases, it may be determined that the information on theROUTE session has been changed. The sourceIP information indicates thesource IP address of the ROUTE session. The destinationIP informationindicates the destination IP address of the ROUTE session. The portinformation indicates the destination port of the ROUTE session. TheDP_ID information indicates the identifier of the data pipeline viawhich the ROUTE session is transmitted. Here, the data pipeline may havethe same meaning as the physical layer pipe. The LSIDInfo informationmay indicate the information on the LSID transmitted in the ROUTEsession and will be described in detail below with respect to the nextdrawing.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, theROUTESessioninfo information may be included in the LSID information.

The TimebaseLocation information may indicate the location where thetimebase can be acquired. Here, the timebase may indicate metadata forsetting a timeline for synchronizing the components included in theservice. The TimebaseLocation information may include deliveryModeand/or BootstrapInfo information as attributes and/or sub elements. ThedeliveryMode information may indicate the delivery mode of the timebase.The BootstrapInfo information may include bootstrap information of thetimebase according to the delivery mode.

FIG. 95 is a diagram showing the configuration of LSIDInfo informationand DeliveryInfo information according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

The DeliveryInfo information L95010 according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may include deliveryMode, DeliveryInfo and/or LSIDinformation as attributes and/or sub elements. The deliveryModeinformation may indicate the mode in which the LSID is transmitted. Themode in which the LSID is transmitted according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may include embedded, via-broadcast and/orvia-broadband modes. The DeliveryInfo information may indicate thetransport mode of the LSID when the mode indicated by the deliveryModeinformation is not the embedded mode and a detailed description thereofwill be given in the next paragraph. The LSID information may indicatethe LSID information transmitted in the ROUTE session when the modeindicated by the deliveryMode information is the embedded mode.

The DeliveryInfo information L95020 according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may include ROUTE_session_id, sourceIP, destinationIP,destinationPort, tsi, URL and DP_ID information as attributes and/or subelements. The ROUTE_session_id information may indicate the identifierof the ROUTE session via which the LSID is transmitted and the value ofthis information being 0 may indicate that the LSID is transmitted inthe same session as the ROUTE session described in the high-levelelement of this information. The sourceIP information may indicate thesourceIP address of the ROUTE session via which the LSID is transmitted.The destinationIP information may indicate the destination IP address ofthe ROUTE session via which the LSID is transmitted. The destinationPortinformation may indicate the destination port number of the ROUTEsession via which the LSID is transmitted. The tsi information mayindicate information for identifying the LCT session via which the LSIDis transmitted. The URL information may indicate the URL where the LSIDinformation can be acquired. The DP_ID information may indicate the datapipeline identifier of the physical layer for transmitting the LSIDinformation.

FIG. 96 is a diagram showing the configuration of service signalingaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to this figure, one embodiment of the present invention mayprovide a service signaling method when the ROUTE session via whichservice components are transmitted is transmitted via different DPsaccording to components, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 94. In thiscase, the service signaling according to one embodiment of the presentinvention may not include DP_ID information included in theabove-described embodiment.

FIG. 97 is a diagram showing the configuration of an LSID according toone embodiment of the present invention.

The LSID according to one embodiment of the present invention may beincluded under the ROUTESessionInfo information according to theabove-described embodiment of the present invention.

The LSID according to one embodiment of the present invention mayinclude version information, validFrom information, expirationinformation and/or TransportService information as attributes and/or subelements.

The version information may indicate the version information of thisLSID. When this LSID is updated, the version of the LSID may increase.The reception LSID having a highest version number may correspond to theLSID of the currently valid version.

The validFrom information may indicate the valid date and time of thisLSID information. This information may not exist and, when thisinformation does not exist, the reception apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention may assume that this LSID is valid.

The expiration information indicates the expiration date and time ofthis LSID information. This information may not exist and, when thisinformation does not exist, the reception apparatus according to oneembodiment of the present invention may assume that this LSID ispermanently valid or that this LSID is valid until a new LSID havingrelated expiration information is received.

The TransportSession information may provide information on an LCTtransport session. The TransportSession information according to oneembodiment of the present invention may include tsi information, DP_IDinformation, SourceF low information and/or RepairFlow information asattributes and/or sub elements. The tsi information may indicate theidentifier of the transport session. The DP_ID information may indicatethe identifier of the DP via which the transport session is transmittedand the DP may have the same meaning as the PLP. The SourceFlowinformation may provide information in the source flow transmitted inthis transport session. The RepairFlow information may provideinformation on the repair flow transmitted in this transport session.

FIGS. 98 and 99 are diagrams showing a ROUTE session and a transmissionmethod of an LSID according to one embodiment of the present invention.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in thedrawing (L98010), Service 1 may be transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #1.Service 1 may include an LSID, a video component, an audio componentand/or a CC component, each of which may be transmitted via an LCTsession having TSI=0, 1, 2, 3. The LSID, video component, audiocomponent and/or CC component included in Service 1 may be subjected toa UDP and IP packetization process and transmitted via DP #1.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown inthe drawing (L98020), Service 1 and Service 2 may be transmitted viaROUTE SESSION #1. Service 1 may include an LSID, a video component, anaudio component and/or a CC component, each of which may be transmittedvia an LCT session having TSI=0, 1, 2, 3. Service 2 may include an LSID,a video component, an audio component and/or a CC component, each ofwhich may be transmitted via an LCT session having TSI=10, 11, 12, 13.The LSID, video component, audio component and/or CC component includedin Service 1 and the LSID, video component, audio component and/or CCcomponent included in Service 2 may be subjected to a UDP and IPpacketization process and transmitted via DP #1.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown inthe drawing (L99010), Service 1 and Service 2 may be transmitted viaROUTE SESSION #1. Service 1 may include an LSID, a base video component,an enhancement video component, an audio component and/or a CCcomponent. The LSID and the components may be transmitted via an LCTsession having TSI=0, 1, 2, 3. Service 2 may include an LSID, a videocomponent, an audio component and/or a CC component, each of which maybe transmitted via an LCT session having TSI=2, 3, 4, 5. The LSID andthe components may be packetized to packets having the same UDP portnumber and IP address. The IP packets including Service 1 may betransmitted via DP #1 and the IP packets including Service 2 may betransmitted DP #2. Here, the IP packets including the enhancement videocomponent included in Service 1 may be transmitted via DP #2 and, atthis time, the IP packet including the LSID for signaling Service 1 maybe included in both DP #1 and DP #2 and transmitted.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown inthe drawing (L99020), the LSID, the base video component, the audiocomponent and/or the CC component included in Service 1 may betransmitted via ROUTE SESSION #1. The LSID and the enhancement videocomponent included in Service 1 and the LSID, the video component, theaudio component and/or the CC component included in Service 2 may betransmitted via ROUTE SESSION #2. Accordingly, the LSID and thecomponents transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #1 may be packetized to packetshaving the same UDP port number and IP address and transmitted via DP#1. The LSID and the components transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #2 may bepacketized to packets having the same UDP port number and IP address andtransmitted via DP #2.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown inthe drawing (L99030), the LSID, the base video component, theenhancement video component, the audio component and/or the CC componentincluded in Service 1 may be transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #1. The LSID,the video component, the audio component and/or the CC componentincluded in Service 2 may be transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #2.Accordingly, the LSID and the components transmitted via ROUTE SESSION#1 may be packetized to packets having the same UDP port number and IPaddress and the LSID and the components transmitted via ROUTE SESSION #2may be packetized to packets having the same UDP port number and IPaddress. The LSID, the base video component, the audio component and/orCC component included in Service 1 may be transmitted via DP #1. TheLSID and the enhancement video component included in Service 1 and theLSID, the video component, the audio component and/or the CC componentincluded in Service 2 may be transmitted via DP #2.

Another embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawing L99040is equal to the embodiment of the drawing (L99020) except that the LSIDfor signaling Service 2 may be transmitted via the Internet.

FIG. 100 is a diagram showing a method for transmitting broadcastsignals according to one embodiment of the present invention.

The broadcast signal transmission method according to one embodiment ofthe present invention may include encoding (SL100010) a broadcastservice and signaling information of the broadcast service, generating(SL100020) a broadcast signal including the encoded broadcast serviceand signaling information and/or transmitting (SL100030) the generatedbroadcast signal. Here, the signaling information may have the samemeaning as the above-described service signaling information. Thetransport session may mean a ROUTE session, an LCT session and/or ageneric transport session. This was described above with reference toFIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include service identification information foridentifying the broadcast service, information indicating the name ofthe broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive. Here, the informationindicating whether the broadcast service is active or inactive may meanservice status information. This was described above with reference toFIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information for identifying information on atransport session for transmitting the broadcast service. Here, theinformation for identifying information on a transport session fortransmitting the broadcast service may mean the above-describedROUTESessionInfo information, source_ip information, destination_IPinformation, port information, lsid_delivery_tsi information,DeliveryInfo information, DeliveryInfo information, tsi information, URLinformation and/or DP_ID information. This was described above withreference to FIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information indicating the channel number of thebroadcast service. This was described above with reference to FIGS. 91and 92.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information indicating whether the format of thesignaling information is binary or XML. This was described above withreference to FIGS. 91 and 93.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information on a transport session fortransmitting the broadcast service, and the information on the transportsession may include source IP address information of the transportsession, destination IP address information of the transport sessionand/or destination port number information of the transport session.Here, the information on the transport session may mean theabove-described ROUTESessionInfo information. This was described abovewith reference to FIGS. 91, 92, 94, 95 and 96.

FIG. 101 is a diagram showing a method for receiving broadcast signalsaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

The broadcast signal reception method according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may include receiving (SL101010) a broadcast signalincluding a broadcast service and signaling information of the broadcastservice, parsing (SL101020) the broadcast service and signalinginformation from the received broadcast signal and/or decoding(SL101030) the parsed broadcast service and signaling information. Here,the signaling information may have the same meaning as theabove-described service signaling information. This was described abovewith reference to FIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include service identification information foridentifying the broadcast service, information indicating the name ofthe broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive. Here, the informationindicating whether the broadcast service is active or inactive may meanservice_status information. This was described above with reference toFIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information for identifying information on atransport session for transmitting the broadcast service. Here, theinformation for identifying information on a transport session fortransmitting the broadcast service may mean the above-describedROUTESessionInfo information, source_ip information, destination_IPinformation, port information, lsid_delivery_tsi information,DeliveryInfo information, DeliveryInfo information, tsi information, URLinformation and/or DP_ID information. This was described above withreference to FIGS. 91, 92, 94 and 95.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information indicating the channel number of thebroadcast service. This was described above with reference to FIGS. 91and 92.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information indicating whether the format of thesignaling information is binary or XML. This was described above withreference to FIGS. 91 and 93.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include information on a transport session fortransmitting the broadcast service, and the information on the transportsession may include source IP address information of the transportsession, destination IP address information of the transport sessionand/or destination port number information of the transport session.Here, the information on the transport session may mean theabove-described ROUTESessionInfo information. This was described abovewith reference to FIGS. 91, 92, 94, 95 and 96.

FIG. 102 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus fortransmitting broadcast signals according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

The broadcast signal transmission apparatus L102010 according to oneembodiment of the present invention may include an encoder L102020, abroadcast signal generator L102030 and/or a transmitter L102040. Theencoder may encode a broadcast service and signaling information of thebroadcast service. The broadcast signal generator may generate abroadcast signal including the encoded broadcast service and signalinginformation. The transmitter may transmit the generated broadcastsignal.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the signalinginformation may include service identification information foridentifying the broadcast service, information indicating the name ofthe broadcast service and/or information indicating whether thebroadcast service is active or inactive.

FIG. 103 is a diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus forreceiving broadcast signals according to one embodiment of the presentinvention.

The broadcast signal reception apparatus L103010 according to oneembodiment of the present invention may include a receiver L103020, aparser L103030 and/or a decoder L103040. The receiver may receive abroadcast signal including a broadcast service and signaling informationof the broadcast service. The parser may parse the broadcast service andsignaling information from the received broadcast signal. The decodermay decode the parsed broadcast service and signaling information.

The modules or units may be processors for executing consecutiveprocesses stored in a memory (or a storage unit). The steps described inthe above-described embodiments may be performed by hardware/processors.The modules/blocks/units described in the above-described embodimentsmay operate as hardware/processors. The methods proposed by the presentinvention may be executed as code. This code may be written in aprocessor-readable storage medium and may be read by the processorprovided by an apparatus.

Although the description of the present invention is explained withreference to each of the accompanying drawings for clarity, it ispossible to design new embodiment(s) by merging the embodiments shown inthe accompanying drawings with each other. In addition, if a recordingmedium readable by a computer, in which programs for executing theembodiments mentioned in the foregoing description are recorded, isdesigned in necessity of those skilled in the art, it may belong to thescope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

An apparatus and method according to the present invention may benon-limited by the configurations and methods of the embodimentsmentioned in the foregoing description. In addition, the embodimentsmentioned in the foregoing description can be configured in a manner ofbeing selectively combined with one another entirely or in part toenable various modifications.

In addition, a method according to the present invention can beimplemented with processor-readable codes in a processor-readablerecording medium provided to a network device. The processor-readablemedium may include all kinds of recording devices capable of storingdata readable by a processor. The processor-readable medium may includeone of ROM, RANI, CD-ROM, magnetic tapes, floppy discs, optical datastorage devices, and the like for example and also include such acarrier-wave type implementation as a transmission via Internet.Furthermore, as the processor-readable recording medium is distributedto a computer system connected via network, processor-readable codes canbe saved and executed according to a distributive system.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendisclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art willappreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions arepossible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventionas disclosed in the accompanying claims. Such modifications should notbe individually understood from the technical spirit or prospect of thepresent invention.

Both apparatus and method inventions are mentioned in this specificationand descriptions of both of the apparatus and method inventions may becomplementarily applicable to each other.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications andvariations can be made in the present invention without departing fromthe spirit or scope of the invention described in the appended claims.Accordingly, the present invention are intended to include themodifications and variations of the present invention provided withinthe appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Both apparatus and method inventions are mentioned in this specificationand descriptions of both of the apparatus and method inventions may becomplementarily applicable to each other.

Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carryingout the invention.

The present invention is available in a series of broadcast signalprovision fields.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, itis intended that the present invention covers the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for transmitting a broadcast signal in adigital broadcast transmitter, the method comprising: generatingcomponents of a service, wherein the components of the service includesaudio data or video data; generating first signaling informationincluding session instance description information for at least oneReal-Time Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) sessionand at least one Layered Coding Transport (LCT) channel in which thecomponents of the service are delivered, wherein the session instancedescription information includes first source Internet Protocol (IP)address information of the at least one ROUTE session, first destinationIP address information of the at least one ROUTE session, firstdestination port information of the at least one ROUTE session, andtransport session identification information for the at least one LCTchannel; generating second signaling information which is used foracquiring the first signaling information, wherein the second signalinginformation is used to support a rapid channel scan which allows areceiver to build a list of services, wherein the second signalinginformation further includes bootstrap information and signalingtransport mode information for indicating a type of delivery protocol ofthe first signaling information, and further the bootstrap informationchanges depending on the signaling transport mode information, andwherein the bootstrap information included in the second signalinginformation includes second source IP address information, seconddestination IP address information, and second destination portinformation for the first signaling information, wherein the at leastone LCT channel is acquired based on the bootstrap information includedin the second signaling information; and transmitting the broadcastsignal including the components of the service, the first signalinginformation, and the second signaling information based on at least onePhysical Layer Pipe (PLP).
 2. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe session instance description information includes serviceidentification information for identifying the service.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the second signaling information includesinformation for indicating a channel number of the service.
 4. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the second signaling informationincludes information for indicating whether a format of the secondsignaling information is binary or extensible markup language (XML). 5.The method according to claim 1, wherein the session instancedescription information includes identification information foridentifying the at least one PLP in which the at least one LCT channelis delivered.
 6. A method for receiving a broadcast signal in a digitalbroadcast receiver, the method comprising: receiving the broadcastsignal based on at least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP); parsing at leastone signal frame from the broadcast signal; parsing packets carryingcomponents of a service, first signaling information and secondsignaling information from the at least one signal frame, wherein thecomponents of the service includes audio data or video data, wherein thefirst signaling information includes session instance descriptioninformation for at least one Real-Time Object Delivery overUnidirectional Transport (ROUTE) session and at least one Layered CodingTransport (LCT) channel in which the components of the service aredelivered, wherein the session instance description information includesfirst source Internet Protocol (IP) address information of the at leastone ROUTE session, first destination IP address information of the atleast one ROUTE session, first destination port information of the atleast one ROUTE session, and transport session identificationinformation for the at least one LCT channel, wherein the secondsignaling information is used for acquiring the first signalinginformation, wherein the second signaling information is used to supporta rapid channel scan which allows the digital broadcast receiver tobuild a list of services, wherein the second signaling informationfurther includes bootstrap information and signaling transport modeinformation for indicating a type of delivery protocol of the firstsignaling information, and further the bootstrap information changesdepending on the signaling transport mode information, wherein thebootstrap information included in the second signaling informationincludes second source IP address information, second destination IPaddress information, and second destination port information for thefirst signaling information, and wherein the at least one LCT channel isacquired based on the bootstrap information included in the secondsignaling information; parsing the audio data or the video data from thepackets based on the second signaling information, and the firstsignaling information including the session instance descriptioninformation; decoding, by a decoder, the audio data or the video data;and providing the service based on the decoded audio data or the decodedvideo data.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the sessioninstance description information includes service identificationinformation for identifying the service.
 8. The method according toclaim 6, wherein the second signaling information includes informationfor indicating a channel number of the service.
 9. The method accordingto claim 6, wherein the second signaling information includesinformation for indicating whether a format of the second signalinginformation is binary or extensible markup language (XML).
 10. Themethod according to claim 6, wherein the session instance descriptioninformation includes identification information for identifying the atleast one PLP in which the at least one LCT channel is delivered.
 11. Adigital broadcast transmitter for transmitting a broadcast signal, thedigital broadcast transmitter comprising: a generator configured togenerate components of a service, wherein the components of the serviceincludes audio data or video data, wherein the generator is furtherconfigured to generate first signaling information including sessioninstance description information for at least one Real-Time ObjectDelivery over Unidirectional Transport (ROUTE) session and at least oneLayered Coding Transport (LCT) channel in which the components of theservice are delivered, wherein the session instance descriptioninformation includes first source Internet Protocol (IP) addressinformation of the at least one ROUTE session, first destination IPaddress information of the at least one ROUTE session, first destinationport information of the at least one ROUTE session, and transportsession identification information for the at least one LCT channel,wherein the generator is further configured to generate second signalinginformation which is used for acquiring the first signaling information,wherein the second signaling information is used to support a rapidchannel scan which allows a receiver to build a list of services,wherein the second signaling information further includes bootstrapinformation and signaling transport mode information for indicating atype of delivery protocol of the first signaling information, andfurther the bootstrap information changes depending on the signalingtransport mode information, and wherein the bootstrap informationincluded in the second signaling information includes second source IPaddress information, second destination IP address information, andsecond destination port information for the first signaling information;and a transmitting module configured to transmit the broadcast signalincluding the components of the service, the first signalinginformation, and the second signaling information based on at least onePhysical Layer Pipe (PLP).
 12. The digital broadcast transmitteraccording to claim 11, wherein the session instance descriptioninformation includes service identification information for identifyingthe service.
 13. The digital broadcast transmitter according to claim11, wherein the second signaling information includes information forindicating a channel number of the service.
 14. The digital broadcasttransmitter according to claim 11, wherein the second signalinginformation includes information for indicating whether a format of thesecond signaling information is binary or extensible markup language(XML).
 15. The digital broadcast transmitter according to claim 11,wherein the session instance description information includesidentification information for identifying the at least one PLP in whichthe at least one LCT channel is delivered.
 16. A digital broadcastreceiver for receiving a broadcast signal, the broadcast receivercomprising: a tuner configured to receive the broadcast signal based onat least one Physical Layer Pipe (PLP); a processor configured to parseat least one signal frame from the broadcast signal, wherein theprocessor is further configured to parse packets carrying components ofa service, first signaling information and second signaling informationfrom the at least one signal frame, wherein the components of theservice includes audio data or video data, wherein the first signalinginformation includes session instance description information for atleast one Real-Time Object Delivery over Unidirectional Transport(ROUTE) session and at least one Layered Coding Transport (LCT) channelin which the components of the service are delivered, wherein thesession instance description information includes first source InternetProtocol (IP) address information of the at least one ROUTE session,first destination IP address information of the at least one ROUTEsession, first destination port information the at least one ROUTEsession, and transport session identification information for the atleast one LCT channel, wherein the second signaling information is usedfor acquiring the first signaling information, wherein the secondsignaling information is used to support a rapid channel scan whichallows the digital broadcast receiver to build a list of services,wherein the second signaling information further includes bootstrapinformation and signaling transport mode information for indicating atype of delivery protocol of the first signaling information, andfurther the bootstrap information changes depending on the signalingtransport mode information, wherein the bootstrap information includedin the second signaling information includes second source IP addressinformation, second destination IP address information, and seconddestination port information for the first signaling information, andwherein the at least one LCT channel is acquired based on the bootstrapinformation included in the second signaling information, wherein theprocessor is further configured to parse the audio data or the videodata from the packets based on the second signaling information, and thefirst signaling information including the session instance descriptioninformation; a decoder configured to decode the audio data or the videodata; and an outputting module configured to provide the service basedon the decoded audio data or the decoded video data.
 17. The digitalbroadcast receiver according to claim 16, wherein the session instancedescription information includes service identification information foridentifying the service.
 18. The digital broadcast receiver according toclaim 16, wherein the second signaling information includes informationfor indicating a channel number of the service.
 19. The digitalbroadcast receiver according to claim 16, wherein the second signalinginformation includes information for indicating whether a format of thesecond signaling information is binary or extensible markup language(XML).
 20. The digital broadcast receiver according to claim 16, whereinthe session instance description information includes identificationinformation for identifying the at least one PLP in which the at leastone LCT channel is delivered.